Aim. To study the nutrient and energy intake of modern university students. Materials and methods. 244 students aged 18–23 enrolled in specialist degree programmes were surveyed using a 24-hour dietary recall method adapted for online Google form surveying. The food intake was analysed based on the following aspects: meal frequency, intervals between meals and energy intake.Results. According to the obtained results, 38.93 ± 3.12% of the respondents follow a 3–4 meal-a-day diet, with 3 main meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) adhered by 71.31 ± 2.9% of students. In comparison with male respondents, female students were found to be more likely to keep main meals (74.87 ± 3.17% versus 59.65 ± 6.50%, χ2 = 4.94, p = 0.027). Additional meals (second breakfast, afternoon tea, overnight snack) were observed in 64.75 ± 3.06% of the students, with this share being significantly larger among male students (78.95 ± 5.40% versus 60.43 ± 3.58%, χ2 = 6.56, p = 0.011). About 68.44 ± 2.98% of the respondents reported long intervals between meals, which was found to be more typical of female students (71.66 ± 3.30% versus 56.14 ± 6.57%, χ2 = 4.84, p = 0.028). The energy intake of young people was established to correspond to the recommended norm in 27.40 ± 3.69% of cases.Conclusions. The findings emphasize the importance of developing healthy eating habits in modern students, which can contribute to improving their health and increasing their educational performance.
The aim of the article was to study the peculiarities of the adaptation process to a comprehensive school in first grade pupils, at the same time started to study in organizations of additional education. Assessment of the course of adaptation carried out according to methodical recommendations of Ivanovo research Institute of maternity and childhood. The following indicators were studied: the level of emotional and behavioral reactions, «success» in the development of the school curriculum, the presence of neurotic reactions, the dynamics of body weight, the number of acute diseases, a comprehensive assessment of health status. The completeness of adaptation was judged by the following criteria: the absence of diseases and other health disorders, stabilization of emotional and behavioral reactions at a high positive level, the successful development of the school curriculum. Significant differences in indicators characterizing the course and completion of adaptation during the first year of study in children engaged in additional compared with students without extracurricular activities are revealed. Determined that training in institutions of additional education reduces the probability of successful learning curriculum and completion of adaptation to secondary school.
There is given a hygienic assessment of a day regimen and mental capacity in children who are engaged in establishments of additional education. By the pair interfaced method there were created 4 groups of children: 3 main (the children visiting establishments of additional education) and group of comparison (trained only at school). There was performed questionnaire survey of parents of pupils according to the special questionnaire containing questions of the budget of time of activity of children. In compared groups of schoolmates the Burdona-Anfimov's proof test was executed. In children visiting the organizations of additional education, prevalence of violations of a day regimen (reduction of duration of a night dream, stay duration in the open air, activities for own choice) were established to be significantly higher, than in children engaged only in school. The level of mental capacity in pupils who do not have extracurricular load, is higher than that of children attending establishments of additional education. There were revealed significant inverse correlation between the duration of nocturnal sleep of children, the total weekly training time in extracurricular organizations and their level of mental capacity. The disturbances of the of the day regimen were prove to lead to a reduction of mental capacity in pupils.
The problems of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the oral mucosa and the red lip border remain one of the most relevant in modern dentistry. The review analyzes clinical and epidemiological studies of pathological conditions on the oral and lip mucosa. The role of risk factors in the occurrence of certain nosological groups of diseases of the mouth and lips is indicated according to the literature. The relationship between age-related regenerative features of the oral mucosa, as well as the presence of somatic diseases and the development of oral pathology is shown. The influence of local risk factors on the occurrence of lesions on the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips is described, among which injuries with dentures and poor oral hygiene come to the fore. The significance of social and behavioral determinants, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, in the occurrence of precancerous processes on the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips is reflected. Changes in the structure of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips depending on the age and sex characteristics of patients are highlighted. In young people, glossitis (folded tongue, geographic tongue) and cheilitis (chronic lip cracks, meteorological cheilitis) occupied the leading positions among oral lesions. A high proportion of lesions in middle-aged people accounted for precancerous (lichen planus, leukoplakia) and neurogenic (glossalgia) processes. Prosthetic stomatitis and dermatosis (erythema multiforme exudative, lupus erythematosus, lichen planus) were more often noted in elderly, senile patients and centenarians. The importance of studying the incidence structure of the oral mucosa and lips in each age and sex group is emphasized in order to identify and assess the impact of potential risk factors, as well as to develop and improve regional preventive programs for maintaining dental health.
Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет, 690002, пр-т Острякова, 2, г. Владивосток Резюме Проведено комплексное санитарно-гигиеническое обследование организаций дополнительного образования, выполнена оценка режима дня, умственной и физической работоспособности, состояния здоровья детей, посещающих организации дополнительного образования. Дана оценка течения адаптации к школе, первоклассников, занимающихся дополнительно.Выявлено неполное соответствие организаций дополнительного образования установленным гигиеническим требованиям. Установлено влияние несоответствия режима дня на уровень умственной работоспособности учащихся (доля дисперсии 10,0-62,2 %). Доказано, что занятия в организациях дополнительного образования с преимущественным динамическим компонентом оказывают положительное влияние на функциональные показатели детей (доля дисперсии 4,3-7,8 %). Посещение внешкольных организаций снижает вероятность успешного освоения школьной программы (относительный риск (RR)=0,9) и завершенности адаптации (RR=0,7) у первоклассников. Доказано прямое влияние количества посещаемых организации дополнительного образования и обратное влияние уровня динамического компонента на формирование хронической патологии у детей (доля дисперсии 2,0-4,0 %). Предложена система мероприятий, направленных на сохранение и укрепление здоровья детей, посещающих организации дополнительного образования.Разработан межведомственный комплекс мер по сохранению здоровья детей, посещающих организации дополнительного образования. Предлагаемая система носит межведомственный характер и включает надзорные, организационные, санитарно-гигиенические, лечебно-профилактические, санитарно-просветительские мероприятия.Ключевые слова: дети, состояние здоровья, профилактические мероприятия, дополнительное образование детей. SummaryThe importance of the research, as evidenced by the scientifi c works of domestic and foreign authors, is substantiated, the goal of the work is formulated.A comprehensive sanitary and hygienic examination of organizations of additional education was carried out, an assessment of the daily routine, mental and physical performance, and the state of health of children attending organizations of additional optional education was carried out. An assessment of the course of adaptation to school, preparation to school classes were also assessed. of dispersion of 10,0-62,2 %) is 4,3-7,8 %). Attending out-of-school organizations reduces likelihood of successful mastering of school curriculum (relative risk (RR)=0,9) and completion of adaptation (RR=0,7) for fi rst-graders. The direct infl uence of the number of optional organizations attendance demonstrated a reverse eff ect of the level of the dynamic component on the formation of chronic pathology in children (the dispersion ratio is 2,0-4,0 %) has been proved. A system of measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of children attending additional education organizations has been off ered. Incomplete compliance of organizations of additional education with the requ...
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