Subject. The subject of the study is the cytokine profile of saliva in violation of mucosal immunity in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and concomitant type II diabetes mellitus. Objectives. The goal was to assess local levels of cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17) in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis without concomitant pathology (group I), with chronic generalized periodontitis and type II diabetes mellitus (group II), as well as in patients without signs of periodontitis, but with established type II diabetes mellitus ( III group). Methodology. 126 patients were examined, including: 47 people – group I, 49 people – group II and 30 people – group III. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers (30 people). Patient saliva was used as the research material. The levels of the studied cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, IL-4, IL-17 were determined by the sandwich variant of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific reagents from R&D Diagnostics Inc (USA). Results. In patients of all studied groups, a significant increase in TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 was found. In the group of patients with chronic periodontitis, a more pronounced increase in TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and IL-17, as well as an increase in the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, was registered. Conclusion. The data obtained can be considered as promising markers for the personification of the prognosis for the development of chronic generalized periodontitis in type II diabetes mellitus.
The problems of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the oral mucosa and the red lip border remain one of the most relevant in modern dentistry. The review analyzes clinical and epidemiological studies of pathological conditions on the oral and lip mucosa. The role of risk factors in the occurrence of certain nosological groups of diseases of the mouth and lips is indicated according to the literature. The relationship between age-related regenerative features of the oral mucosa, as well as the presence of somatic diseases and the development of oral pathology is shown. The influence of local risk factors on the occurrence of lesions on the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips is described, among which injuries with dentures and poor oral hygiene come to the fore. The significance of social and behavioral determinants, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, in the occurrence of precancerous processes on the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips is reflected. Changes in the structure of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips depending on the age and sex characteristics of patients are highlighted. In young people, glossitis (folded tongue, geographic tongue) and cheilitis (chronic lip cracks, meteorological cheilitis) occupied the leading positions among oral lesions. A high proportion of lesions in middle-aged people accounted for precancerous (lichen planus, leukoplakia) and neurogenic (glossalgia) processes. Prosthetic stomatitis and dermatosis (erythema multiforme exudative, lupus erythematosus, lichen planus) were more often noted in elderly, senile patients and centenarians. The importance of studying the incidence structure of the oral mucosa and lips in each age and sex group is emphasized in order to identify and assess the impact of potential risk factors, as well as to develop and improve regional preventive programs for maintaining dental health.
Subject. Complex studying and assessment of influence of potential is carried out risk factors on a secondary dentition of children in the conditions of particular territorial community and also are developed and introduced preventive and improving actions. Work purpose: studying of features of a secondary dentition of children in specific conditions of the habitat for the purpose of development of the priority directions of prophylaxis of violations of health of children and perfecting of methods of rendering the children's stomatologic help. Methodology. Studying of process of a secondary dentition at children of 4,5-11 years of Vladivostok is carried out. The beginning of eruption considered the perforation moment tooth of an alveolar gingiva with exposure of one hillock or cutting edge. Potential risk factors of the period of pregnancy of mother and childbirth, risk factors of the early childhood, social and economic, features of a way of life are studied. By means of the component konfirmatorny analysis identification of relationships of cause and effect in system habitat factors ‒ a secondary dentition is carried out. Results. The early secondary dentition at children is revealed. Signs of sexual dimorphism of an index of a tooth maturity are established. The greatest impact on a secondary dentition is exerted a factor of a delivery of children, by features of a way of life of boys and girls and also a delivery of their mothers during pregnancy. Conclusions. Materials of a research formed the basis of the developed regional standards of a secondary dentition which were introduced in work of the children's stomatologic organizations. The system of preventive actions providing accounting of regional features of a condition of the habitat, living conditions, deliveries is developed and also solves a number of practical problems of perfecting of the principles of medical observation and improvement of children.
Subject. A literature review was conducted on the most complex and poorly studied section of therapeutic dentistry – diseases of the oral mucosa. The object – literature search and analysis of current data on the study of risk factors affecting the development and aggravation of pathological conditions on the oral mucosa. Methodology. Scientific publications using library databases have been studied: Elibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar. The analysis of the information was carried out on 48 sources. Results. The role of risk factors in the development of pathological processes on the mucous membrane of the mouth is described. The influence of socio-behavioral determinants, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, on the occurrence of pathological, in particular, precancerous conditions in the oral cavity is indicated. Particular attention is paid to the traumatic component, among which injuries with dentures come to the fore, in the development of lesions on the oral mucosa. The significance of comorbid pathology in the occurrence of oral diseases is reflected. It was noted that among the leading positions in the development of dermatoses on the mucous membrane of the mouth are occupied by neurogenic conditions. Changes on the mucous membrane of the mouth in patients with vitamin-mineral imbalances in the body are illuminated. The relationship between the appearance of lesions on the oral mucosa and the environmental characteristics of the area of residence has been demonstrated. Conclusions. The importance of investigating oral mucosal diseases in a particular region is emphasized in relation to the influence of certain risk factors in order to develop and improve preventive programs for the preservation of dental health.
Introduction. The tissues surrounding the implant, which have common features with periodontal tissues, but still possessing a certain specificity are the actual topic of the study. A considerable amount of textbooks has been written on this topic, but so far it has remained little studied. Purpose ― to summarize all knowledge of the structural features of the tissues surrounding the implant, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, differential diagnosis of the pathologies of these tissues. Results. This review is devoted to the analysis of the modern understanding of the influence of the structural features of the soft tissues surrounding the implant and the nonspecific protection factors of the oral mucosa on the potentiation of inflammatory processes and their relationship with the biodegradation of the material. The work of scientists on the criteria for choosing an implantable material depending on the resistance to aggressive environments of the oral cavity, as well as biocompatibility with the tissues of the oral cavity. The risks of complications are considered depending on the implantable material. The etiopathogenesis of such diseases as implantation mucositis and dental periimplantitis is also considered. The clinical picture of these diseases is described, a correlation is made with the materials used for the manufacture of suprastructures. The prevention of complications arising from prosthetics on dental implants is considered.
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