ÂñòóïËþïèí á³ëèé -îäíà ç êðàùèõ êîðìî-âèõ êóëüòóð. Íîâ³ ñîðòè ëþïèíó, ñòâîðåí³ çà îñòàíí³ ðîêè é çàíåñåí³ äî Äåðaeàâíîãî ðåºñòðó ñîðò³â ðîñëèí, ïðèäàòíèõ äî ïî-øèðåííÿ â Óêðà¿í³, â³äð³çíÿþòüñÿ ðÿäîì ö³ííèõ îçíàê, çäàòí³ äàâàòè âèñîê³ é ñòàë³ âðîaeà¿ íàñ³ííÿ òà çåëåíî¿ ìàñè ³ òèì ñàìèì çàáåçïå÷óâàòè ïîòðåáè òâàðèííèöòâà ó âè-ñîêîÿê³ñíèõ êîðìàõ ç ï³äâèùåíèì âì³ñòîì á³ëêà. Íà aeàëü, âïðîâàäaeåííÿ íîâèõ ñîð- Ìåòà. Âñòàíîâèòè îïòèìàëüí³ ñòðîêè ïðîâåäåííÿ çáèðàëüíèõ ðîá³ò ó ðîçñàäíèêàõ ïåðâèííîãî íàñ³ííèöòâà ëþïèíó á³ëîãî. Ìåòîäè. Âèêîðèñòàíî ïîëüîâ³, ëàáîðàòîðí³ òà ñòàòèñòè÷í³ ìåòîäè îö³íêè ìàòåð³àëó. Ïîñ³âí³ ÿêîñò³ âèâ÷àëè â ëàáîðàòîðíèõ óìîâàõ îêðåìî äëÿ íàñ³ííÿ ³ç öåíòðàëüíèõ ³ á³÷íèõ êèòèöü çã³äíî ç ÄÑÒÓ 2240-93. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Íàâåäåíî ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äaeåíü äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ îïòèìàëüíèõ ñòðîê³â ïðîâåäåííÿ çáèðàëüíèõ ðîá³ò ó ðîçñàäíèêàõ ïåðâèííîãî íàñ³ííèöòâà. Äîñë³äaeåííÿ ïðîâîäèëè îêðåìî äëÿ íàñ³ííÿ ç öåíòðàëüíî¿ ³ á³÷íèõ êèòèöü, ç³áðàíîãî â ð³çí³ ôàçè ñòèãëîñò³. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî åíåðã³ÿ ïðîðîñòàííÿ íàñ³ííÿ ïåðøîãî ñòðîêó çáèðàííÿ áóëà ì³í³ìàëüíîþ ³ ñòàíîâèëà ïî ñîðòàõ äëÿ öåíòðàëüíî¿ êèòèö³ â³ä 70,0 äî 73,0% ³ â³ä 58,0 äî 65,0% -äëÿ á³÷íèõ êèòèöü. Íàéêðàù³ ïîêàçíèêè åíåð㳿 ïðîðîñòàííÿ ³ ñõîaeîñò³ âèÿâëåíî ó íàñ³ííÿ öåíòðàëüíèõ êèòèöü, ç³áðàíîãî ó ôàçó «aeîâò³ ñ³ì'ÿäîë³». Âîíè ñòàíîâèëè â ñåðåäíüîìó ïî âñ³õ ñîðòàõ 90,8 ³ 94,3% â³äïîâ³äíî, òîä³ ÿê ó íàñ³ííÿ á³÷íèõ êèòèöü ö³ ïîêàçíèêè áóëè íà ð³âí³ 84,5 ³ 89,3%. Íà ôîðìóâàí-íÿ ìàñè 1000 íàñ³íèí âïëèâàëè àãðîìåòåîðîëîã³÷í³ óìîâè.  ïîñóøëèâ³ ðîêè íà ðîñëèíàõ ñôîðìóâàëîñÿ ùóïëå é ëåãêî-âàãå íàñ³ííÿ, òîìó ïîã³ðøèëàñü éîãî ïîñ³âíà ÿê³ñòü. Íàéá³ëüøó ìàñó 1000 íàñ³íèí îòðèìàíî ó ôàç³ «ïîâíà ñòèãë³ñòü», êîëè âîíà äîñÿãàëà ó öåíòðàëüíî¿ êèòèö³ â³ä 284 äî 338 ã, à â á³÷íèõ -â³ä 266 äî 316 ã. Ïðîâåäåíî îö³íêó ðîçâèòêó çàðîä-êîâèõ êîð³íö³â: çîâí³øí³é âèãëÿä, äîâaeèíà. ³çóàëüíà îö³íêà íàñ³ííÿ íà òðåòþ äîáó ïðîðîùóâàííÿ òà âèì³ðþâàííÿ äîâ-aeèíè çàðîäêîâèõ êîð³í÷èê³â íà ñüîìó äîáó ñâ³ä÷èòü, ùî çäîðîâ³, äîáðå ðîçâèíåí³ ïðîðîñòêè ñïîñòåð³ãàëèñÿ â íàñ³ííÿ ï'ÿòîãî ³ øîñòîãî ñòðîê³â çáèðàííÿ. Âèñíîâêè. Íàéâèù³ ïîñ³âí³ ÿêîñò³ ó á³ëüøîñò³ ñîðò³â ç óðàõóâàííÿì á³÷íèõ êèòèöü âñòàíîâëåíî â íàñ³ííÿ, ç³áðàíîãî ó ôàçó ³ ïîâíî¿ ñòèãëîñò³. Íàñ³ííÿ öåíòðàëüíî¿ êèòèö³ çà ñõîae³ñòþ â³äïîâ³äຠâèìîãàì ÄÑÒÓ äëÿ äîáàçîâî¿ êàòåãî𳿠(87,0%), ïî÷èíàþ÷è âaeå ç ôàçè «ïî÷àòîê ïîaeîâò³ííÿ êîð³í÷èêà çàðîäêà», àëå íàñ³ííÿ á³÷íèõ êèòèöü -íå ðàí³øå ôàçè «aeîâò³ ñ³ì'ÿäîë³». Çáèðàëüí³ ðîáîòè íåîáõ³äíî ðîçïî÷èíàòè ó ôàç³ ñòèãëîñò³ íàñ³ííÿ ëþïèíó «aeîâò³ ñ³ì'ÿäîë³», êîëè âîíî º ïîâíîö³ííî ñôîðìîâàíèì ³ ìຠâèñîê³ ïîñ³âí³ ÿêîñò³.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà : ëþïèí á³ëèé, íàñ³ííÿ, ôàçè ñòèãëîñò³, ñòðîêè çáèðàííÿ, ïîñ³âí³ ÿêîñò³, ïåðâèííå íàñ³ííèöòâî. ò³â ó âèðîáíèöòâî ñòðèìóºòüñÿ íåäîñòàòí³ì ð³âíåì íàñ³ííèöòâà. ßê³ñíå íàñ³ííÿ -çà-ïîðóêà îòðèìàííÿ âèñîêîãî âðîaeàþ, òîìó ïðîáëåìà ïîë³ïøåííÿ ïîñ³âíèõ ÿêîñòåé íàñ³ííÿ ñüîãîäí³ íå âòðàòèëà ñâ àêòó-àëüíîñò³. Îäíèì ç âàaeëèâèõ ïèòàíü íàñ³í-íèöòâà ëþïèíó º âèçíà÷åííÿ îïòèìàëüíèõ ñòðîê³â çáèðàííÿ [1][2][3][4]. Ïåð³îä äîñòèãàííÿ ó ö³º¿ êóëüòóðè º äîñèòü ðîçòÿãíóòèì, ïåðøè-ìè äîñòèãàþòü...
ÂñòóïÂèñîòà ðîñëèíè º îäí³ºþ ç íàéâàaeëèâ³-øèõ îçíàê, ÿêà âèçíà÷ຠòåõíîëîã³÷í³ñòü ñîðòó òà çóìîâëþº ïðèäàòí³ñòü éîãî äî ìå-õàí³çîâàíîãî âèðîùóâàííÿ. ϳä ÷àñ ñòâî-ðåííÿ íîâèõ âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâíèõ ñîðò³â ñî¿ íåîáõ³äíî ïåðåäáà÷àòè, ùî âèñîòà ðîñ-ëèíè ñîðò³â çåðíîâîãî íàïðÿìó âèêîðèñòàí-íÿ ìຠáóòè â ìåaeàõ 75-90 ñì, êîðìîâîãî -91-120 ñì. Çíàííÿ çàêîíîì³ðíîñòåé ì³í-ëèâîñò³ é óñïàäêóâàííÿ âèñîòè ðîñëèíè, ¿¿ êîðåëÿö³¿ ç ³íøèìè ê³ëüê³ñíèìè îçíàêàìè çíà÷íî äîïîìîaeå â ñåëåêö³éí³é ðîáîò³. Ç ïèòàíü óñïàäêóâàííÿ âèñîòè ðîñëèí º äî-ñèòü ñóïåðå÷ëèâ³ äàí³. Òàê, C. M. Woodworth [1] îïèñóâàâ ðîçùåïëåííÿ ðîñëèí ó F 2 ó ñï³ââ³äíîøåíí³ òðè âèñîêîðîñë³, ïðî-äóêòèâí³, ï³çíüîñòèãë³ (S) äî îäí³º¿ íèçüêî-ðîñëî¿ é ñêîðîñòèãëî¿ (s). R. L. Bernard [2] âèÿâèâ äaeåðåëî íèçüêîðîñëîñò³ (àëåë³ SS),
Îäí³ºþ ç îñíîâíèõ ñâ³òîâèõ ïðîáëåì ó ÕÕ² ñò. º ïðîáëåìà õàð÷îâîãî á³ëêà. Ïðîáëåìà ïîëÿãຠâ òîìó, ùî éîãî íå âèñòà÷ຠ³ ìàéaeå ïîëîâèíà íàñåëåííÿ çåìíî¿ êóë³ ïîòåðïຠâ³ä öüîãî. Ïîòðåáà ëþäèíè â á³ëêó íà 10-30% çà-áåçïå÷óºòüñÿ òâàðèííèìè á³ëêàìè, à íà 70-90%-ðîñëèííèìè. Òðàäèö³éí³ øëÿõè çá³ëüøåííÿ ìàñè õàð÷îâîãî á³ëêà òà ï³äâèùåííÿ éîãî ÿêîñò³ ïîâ'ÿçàí³ ç ðîñëèííèöòâîì ³ ñå-ëåêö³ºþ: îïòèì³çàö³ºþ âèðîùóâàííÿ ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ ðîñëèí ³ç çàñòîñóâàííÿì äîáðèâ, á³îëîã³÷íî àêòèâíèõ ðå÷îâèí, åôåêòèâíîþ áîðîòüáîþ ç õâîðîáàìè, áóð'ÿíàìè, øê³äíèêàìè, äîáîðîì ³ ðàö³îíàëüíèì ðîçì³ùåííÿì êóëüòóð, à òàêîae ³ç âèâåäåííÿì íîâèõ ñîðò³â ç ï³äâèùåíèì óì³ñòîì á³ëêà [1]. Íàñ³ííÿ ñî¿ çáàëàíñîâàíå çà ïðîòå¿íîì ³ ïåðåòðàâíèìè àì³íîêèñëîòàìè. Çà ð³çíèìè
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.