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S U M M A R YPallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is characterized cytogenetically by mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p. Routine prenatal diagnosis of PKS is still complicated because of the difficulties of discriminating between the supernumerary isochromosome 12p and the duplication 21q and because of the variable level of mosaicism. The frequency of cells with an extra metacentric chromosome i(12)(p10) is usually determined by tissue-limited or tissue-specific mosaicism. We demonstrated a decrease of the abnormal clone with extra i(12p) in the amniotic fluid cells of the PKS fetus during amniocyte subculturing. The rapid loss of the i(12p) in the course of amniocyte subculturing should be the focus of attention during prenatal karyotyping. This is especially necessary for cultures with slow growth, which require further interpretation of the result during cytogenetic diagnosis of PKS.

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The results indicate that the estimates of DNA damage response may be proposed as efficient biomarkers for detecting and characterizing genome instability in the genetic disorders under study.