В настоящее время не вызывает сомнений генетическая предрасположенность к аллергическим заболеваниям, выявляемая в разных странах [1-3]. Это предопределяет повсеместное распространение и рост заболеваемости атопическим дерматитом. Проявления заболевания существенно снижают качество жизни пациентов, приводят к продолжительным периодам нетрудоспособности [4]. В частности, течение атопического дерматита во многих случаях связано с расстройствами сна [5].
Early diagnosis of skin melanoma is one of the most reliable ways to improve the prognosis for the life of patients with this tumor. Organization of medical care for patients with a high risk of developing melanoma, together with the use of non-invasive diagnostic methods and teaching the patient the principles of prevention and early diagnosis of skin malignancies should improve the survival rates of patients with melanoma. The article discusses the experience of implementing the Organizational model of medical care for patients with skin neoplasms in Moscow, as well as the key rules for managing patients at risk of developing skin melanoma with special emphasis on recommendations to patients for regular self-examination of the skin, lifestyle correction and the use of photoprotective agents.
Ichthyosis is an extensive group of hereditary skin diseases characterized by keratinization disorders of the type of hyperkeratosis, which leads to the formation of scales on the skin resembling fish scales. Of all hereditary diseases of keratinization, ichthyosis is the most common disease. In many countries, there are various support groups for patients with ichthyosis, in particular, the All-Russian Charity Foundation for Helping Children with Ichthyosis, the Children- Butterflies Foundation, the Public Organization Support for People with Ichthyosis (Russia), the Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types (USA), etc.Objective. To assess the dynamics of the incidence of congenital ichthyosis in the city of Moscow among the population of all age groups for 2015–2020, according to the data of the Moscow Scientific and Practical Centre for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology (Russia).Materials and methods. Using federal statistical observation form No. 12 ‘Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization’, approved by the order of Rosstat No. 679 dated November 22, 2019, we analyzed the incidence of congenital ichthyosis in Moscow for 2015–2020.Results. Analysis of data on the incidence of congenital ichthyosis in the context of age groups of the population of the city of Moscow for 2015–2020 showed a trend towards an increase in the incidence of congenital ichthyosis. The increase in the incidence of ichthyosis was detected in almost all age groups of the city's population and was most pronounced in 2018 and 2019 in comparison with the previous time interval.Conclusions. The revealed increase in the incidence of congenital ichthyosis in Moscow may be due to both the true number of cases and the improvement in the quality and availability of primary specialized health care. An important trend is towards wider implementation in medical practice methods, which make it possible to identify a specific genetic defect, to carry out prenatal diagnostics during pregnancy, an intravital histological (pathological-anatomical) study of a skin biopsy, if necessary, differential diagnosis and verification of the diagnosis, as well as genetic counseling of parents, including to assess the birth of children with ichthyosis during pregnancy.
Актуальность клинической диагностики болезней кожи и подкожно-жировой клетчатки, входящих в компетенцию врачей-дерматовенерологов, определяется, с одной стороны, высоким уровнем заболеваемости, а с другой-теми негативными последствиями, которые оказывают эти заболевания на здоровье человека. В Москве на протяжении ряда последних лет регистрируется высокий уровень заболеваемости болезнями кожи и подкожно-жировой клетчатки как среди взрослого, так и детского населения. Так, в 2016 г. заболевания кожи и подкожной клетчатки составили в общей структуре заболеваемости 72,5% (в 2013 г.-70,3%; в 2014 г.-68,55%; в 2015 г.-73,11%). Заболеваемость дерматозами составила 3583,7 на 100 тыс. населения, при этом наиболее высокий уровень данной патологии регистрировали среди подростков 15-17 лет (в 2016 г.-9515,2 случая на 100 тыс. населения) (рис. 1). Следует отметить рост торпидных к традиционной терапии заболеваний, нередко приводящих к инвалидизации и даже летальному исходу.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.