In oncosurgery esophago-intestinal anastomotic leak as well as defects of the abdominal segment of the esophagus are serious complications associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality rate. A choice of management tactics for each patient is individual. Treatment of esophageal anastomotic leak without separation provides the best result by reducing the time of rehabilitation, improving the quality of life and reducing mortality. Conservative treatment requires an adequate drainage when conducting enteral feeding and adequate antibiotic therapy. The indications for separation of the anastomosis include a large defect size, necrosis of the graft uncontrolled purulent-septic complications and a failure of conservative therapy. In recent decades a number of methods for endoscopic treatment of anastomotic leaks in the gastrointestinal tract have been elaborated, including the use of adhesive agents, self-expanding stents, clipping, and endoscopic vacuum system. These methods have several advantages over surgical and conservative management. Despite the accumulated experience, at present there is no single systemic approach to the use of endoscopic methods for closure of defects of anastomosis as well as defects of the abdominal segment of the esophagus. This is mainly due to a relatively small number of publications. One of the promising methods for endoscopic treatment of anastomotic leak is currently the Endoscopic Vacuum System (EndoVAC therapy). The article provides the clinical case of a patient with stomach cancer who was given transperitoneal gastrectomy with D2-lymphadenectomy which was complicated by a defect in the abdominal segment of the esophagus with peritonitis. To treat those complications relaparotomy, sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity was performed. In order to achieve closure of the fistula more quickly the vacuum system was used resulting in a marked decrease in fluid exudation, which in turn contributed to closure of the fistula.
Background. solitary fibrous tumor (sFt) is a rare mesenchimal neoplasm of fibroblastic origin. there is no generally accepted classification for sFt. surgery is the main treatment modality. disease recurrence occurs in 2-14 % of patients. Re-surgery is recommended to treat recurrence because alternative treatment options are ineffective. Persistent hypoglycemia is observed in less than 5 % of patients, and values return to normal 24 days after tumor removal. Case description. a 53-year-old woman was admitted to the thoracic department of P.a. Gertsen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology with consciousness disorder at the level of spoor. the severity of the disease was caused by the syndrome of compression and displacement of the mediastinal structures to the left and respiratory failure: anemia, glycemia 1.2 µmol/ml. Immunohistochemical examination revealed solitary fibrous tumor with evidence of malignancy. In the preoperative period, to maintain the glycemia level within the normal range, continuous infusion of 10 % glucose solution was administered. the total infusion volume was 10 liters per day. tumor in the right hemithorax was removed and atypical resection of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung was performed. In the postoperative period, glucose levels were in normal limits and additional treatment was not required. Conclusion. sFt is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. the lack of clear diagnostic criteria and diagnostic standards for the description of individual cases remains relevant. Clinical manifestations of disease occur mainly in cases with large tumors. Early timely surgical excision of the tumor in case of suspicion of a solitary fibroid tumor is recommended, since over time, benign neoplasm may acquire a malignant behavior and metastasize.
Background: The incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing. In this connection, the search for the most effective methods of treating this disease continues. In most patients, esophageal cancer is diagnosed at III– IV stages of the disease. Currently, the standard of treatment for inoperable patients is chemo radiotherapy. Brachytherapy is one of the perspective methods of radiation therapy. Using of brachytherapy in the complex treatment of patients with esophageal cancer makes possible to increase the radiation dose without increasing the risk of complications after treatment.Methods: The study included 20 patients with inoperable esophageal cancer (most of them with III stages, 60 %). The age of the patients is from 51 to 89 years, ECOG performance status ½ (25 %/75 %), dysphagia score 1/2/3–4 (25 %,50 %, 25 %). All patients were diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Most patients were with tumor in the middle third of the esophagus (70 %). The greatest length of the tumor was 10 cm. On the first stage of treatment patients underwent external-beam radiation therapy 46 Gy in 2 Gy fractions with simultaneous chemotherapy. After that, brachytherapy was performed (single dose of 5 Gy, 2 fractions with an interval of 6–7 days, 62,8 Gy (EQD2, α/β = 10 Gy).Results: Patients received therapy support for cardiovascular and lung diseases and nutritional support before, during and following chemoradiotherapy. There were no patients with hematological toxicity grade 3–4. Esophagitis grade 2 was noted in 40 % of patients, grade 1 in 60 % of patients. Esophagitis resolved on its own 2 weeks after completion of therapy. Complete tumor regression was observed in 10 % of patients, partial regression in 80 % of patients, stabilization of tumor process was observed in 10 % of patients. All patients have a poor QOL due to physical and psychological disorders. The general health situation and physical function after 3 months of treatment was improved compared to the prior to treatment period.
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