Modern environmental risks and threats relate with the negative impact of anthropogenic and natural factors on ecosystems, man-caused negative impact of industrial and potentially hazardous objects, pollution of drinking water sources, agricultural land, atmospheric air, deviation of the geological environment and subsoil on the safety of life in certain areas. Coal enterprises are one of the objects of high ecological danger and critical infrastructure. Today, environmental safety in the east of Ukraine should be considered in close connection with the ecological and man-made threats associated with combat operations in these territories. The authors carried out an analysis of scientific researches of past years and provided an assessment of environmental risks in the territories of coal mining enterprises in the present conditions considering the structural-geological, geofiltration and mining-geological parameters typically for the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine. The article considers the location of mines in Donetsk and Lugansk regions as zones of high ecological danger. The existing ecological threats and risks are determined, recommendations for minimization threats and risks in case of anthropogenic and environmental disasters are provided. The equation of calculating the coefficient of filtration in rocks is made, mineral-technical parameters of coal mines are analyzed. It is shown that one of the most probable factors of the transition of the territory into a zone of an emergency situation of a regional scale is the emergence of real threats to the life of a large number of people in the conditions of mass flooding of mines due to the termination of power supply of drainage and ventilation systems. Also in the article scientifically substantiated the provision of an acceptable level of environmental safety of the constituent parts of the environment (water environment) for the population living within the mining and agglomeration, taking into account the environ- mental factors of the negative factor-forming factors, as well as forecasting the hydrodynamic situation.
In the conditions of scientific and technological progress, the relationship of society with nature has become much more complicated. Man got the opportunity to influence the course of natural processes, started to use almost all available renewable and non-renewable natural resources, and as a result, began to pollute and destroy the environment. Specialists of the State Ecological Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management, within the framework of the scientific work “Development of the methodological basis of orthotransformed satellite imagery application in environmental assessment”, solved an actual scientific and applied task, which is to form a methodological basis for the use of orthotransformed satellite imagery to create information services for environmental monitoring of objects of critical infrastructure and expanding the capacity of the National Center of the provision of central executive authorities of information about the results of environmental monitoring based on space systems data through the development of methods of using orthotransformated satellite imagery for the assessment of the environmental state. The possibilities of using multispectral space images to assess the state of the environment are determined and the necessary software for this is given. Based on the classification algorithm of enterprises and objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine, a GIS-compatible database of objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine classified by their environmental impact was developed and a methodology for using orthotransformed satellite imagery was developed to assess the impact of the corresponding categories of critical infrastructure facilities of Ukraine on the state of the environment. During creating the ideology of geographic information systems, the requirements for technical means on which the service should be deployed, the procedure for maintaining, filling and updating the database of objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine, the mechanism and procedure for visualizing impact assessments of all objects of the developed base based on GIS-systems.
The "Voda Donbassa" utility company's Siverskyi Donets-Donbas Canal is considered critical infrastructure and at increased risk, as existing environmental threats have been identified (significant technical malfunctions in connection with military operationsbreach of the waterproof canal-bed; damage to the pipeline's water-tightness; flooding along the path due to significant water loss and, as a consequence, development of dangerous geological processesswamps, landslides, surface subsidence, rising groundwater levels; a possible complication of the humanitarian and sanitaryepidemiological condition in the region is the presence of the prerequisites for man-made accidents to occur at environmentally-hazardous chemical, metallurgical, and energy enterprises that use large volumes of water in their technological process) and recommendations given for minimizing the risks of the beginnings of man-made environmental disasters (development of plans for the localization and elimination of the consequences of accidents, where they are lacking; measures to prevent breaching the integrity and waterproofing of the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas Canaltechnical inspection, planned and preventative maintenance work, repair work; monitoring the canal's hydrological and hydrogeological systems, hydraulic structure technical condition, ensuring systematic monitoring and renovation of the water supply system; implementation of measures for drainage of land in areas of flooding in order to reduce the negative impact). In connection with the passage of the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas Canal route through the line of armed conflict, it is necessary to create "secure zones" with a radius of 5 km where the canal intersects the contact line in order to prevent their destruction due to possible shelling.
The article solves an actual scientific and applied task, which is to form a methodological basis for the use of orthotransformed satellite imagery to create information services for environmental monitoring of objects of critical infrastructure. These services are designed to expand the capacity of the National Center for providing the information to central executive authorities about the results of environmental monitoring. The expansion involves the development of methods of using orthotransformed satellite imagery for the assessment of the environmental state. Based on the classification algorithm of enterprises and objects, a database of objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine classified by their impact on the environment has been developed for the application in GIS-compatible systems. In the formation of the ideology of geographic information systems, the requirements for technical means are justified. These requirements include the deployed service, maintenance, filling and updating of the base of objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine, the mechanism and order of visualization of impact assessments of all objects of the developed database. The algorithm has been adapted for application in an automated mode as part of GIS-systems. For research, the structure of the classifier using the state OCI register and validation of the developed methodology using the results of space imagery with specific examples for each of the objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine has been developed. The following object is selected: Darnytsya Power Plant-an enterprise for the production and supply of electric and thermal energy. The study confirmed the relevance, scientific and practical value of using remote sensing methods for studying the ecological status of large areas of the earth's surface.
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