Based on historical, sociological, ethnographic and demographic data the paper considers cultural and ethno-political processes in the Russian (European) North over a long historical period. The study shows that the centuries-long colonization of the Russian North led to the formation of a single historical and cultural territory which was divided into separate administrative enclaves in the Soviet time. However ethnic and cultural changes in recent decades have almost reconstructed the former cultural landscape of the region and created a conceptual framework for the regional integration.
The review of the collective monograph “Language and Identity: An Anthropological Study of the Situation in Russia” gives a very high assessment of this work. It is noted that the research is based on the results obtained in the course of a single project to study the current linguistic situation in the Russian regions. The general research methodology and tools allowed to carry out a qualitative comparative analysis of the language situation in many regions. The review agrees with the thesis of the authors of the theoretical part of the work that the absolutization of the role of language is most often connected with the entrenched ideas about the inseparable connection between language and ethnicity, or more precisely, with the character of ethnic iden‑tification, since language is seen as the main ethno‑ differential attribute, primarily by linguists themselves, but also by a wide range of ethnic activists and other persons involved in the practice of preserving cultural diversity in the country.It is noted that the monograph describes different situations and shows that in some cases the language of minority groups has a high degree of «vitality» (such as Abazinian) and functions successfully, while in others there is a real threat of displacement of languages from the sphere of public use. But for all the diversity of the linguistic situations analyzed by the authors of the collective monograph, there are many similarities in the trends of linguistic development in Russian regions. It is especially noted that the monograph draws attention to the quality of language lessons, their content, the qualifications and specifics of the training of teachers who teach language subjects, i. e. to those problems which occur everywhere, but which rarely come to the attention of researchers. Here attention is also drawn to one of the most important problems connected with measures to preserve and develop mi‑nority languages, namely the image of the language.
The article provides the results of project aimed at creating a complex approach to centrifugal pump restoration and modernization. The rationale of the project claims that the uninterrupted operation and failure-free performance of the equipment under consideration is central to public utility-service satisfaction. The project team dwell on the major reasons for technological disturbances, rating hydrogenous wear top of the list. The approach proposed by the project team presupposes metal-plaque lubricant and polymeric composite application.
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