аннотация. Предметом статьи является анализ города как социального и культурного объекта. Рассматриваются точки зрения зарубежных и отечественных авторов по изучению культурного пространства города, его культурного образа и городской идентичности. Представленные точки зрения и накопленный исследовательский материал позволяют сделать вывод, что вопрос о культурной специфике города находится в начальной стадии исследований. В культурологии, этнологии и социоло гии урбанистическое направление до сих пор остается неинституционализированным: в стране нет авторитетных центров изучения городских сообществ и городской культу
Based on historical, sociological, ethnographic and demographic data the paper considers cultural and ethno-political processes in the Russian (European) North over a long historical period. The study shows that the centuries-long colonization of the Russian North led to the formation of a single historical and cultural territory which was divided into separate administrative enclaves in the Soviet time. However ethnic and cultural changes in recent decades have almost reconstructed the former cultural landscape of the region and created a conceptual framework for the regional integration.
The review of the collective monograph “Language and Identity: An Anthropological Study of the Situation in Russia” gives a very high assessment of this work. It is noted that the research is based on the results obtained in the course of a single project to study the current linguistic situation in the Russian regions. The general research methodology and tools allowed to carry out a qualitative comparative analysis of the language situation in many regions. The review agrees with the thesis of the authors of the theoretical part of the work that the absolutization of the role of language is most often connected with the entrenched ideas about the inseparable connection between language and ethnicity, or more precisely, with the character of ethnic iden‑tification, since language is seen as the main ethno‑ differential attribute, primarily by linguists themselves, but also by a wide range of ethnic activists and other persons involved in the practice of preserving cultural diversity in the country.It is noted that the monograph describes different situations and shows that in some cases the language of minority groups has a high degree of «vitality» (such as Abazinian) and functions successfully, while in others there is a real threat of displacement of languages from the sphere of public use. But for all the diversity of the linguistic situations analyzed by the authors of the collective monograph, there are many similarities in the trends of linguistic development in Russian regions. It is especially noted that the monograph draws attention to the quality of language lessons, their content, the qualifications and specifics of the training of teachers who teach language subjects, i. e. to those problems which occur everywhere, but which rarely come to the attention of researchers. Here attention is also drawn to one of the most important problems connected with measures to preserve and develop mi‑nority languages, namely the image of the language.
This article analyzes the nature of colonization processes in the European north of Russia in different eras. Special consideration is given to the problematic nature of modern demographic and social processes and their ethno-cultural component. Significant attention is paid to the analysis of the nature of the social and cultural development in the European North in previous eras and to the rethinking of existing interpretations of the process of the socialist industrialization in this area. It is demonstrated that from the standpoint of the general sociological approach, this industrialization cannot be viewed as a process of modernization, and therefore it would be more correct to speak of the next stage of colonization, the penal one. In the late Soviet period, a transition to a new model of the regional development took place. However, this new model presupposed neither the civil integration nor the formation of rooted societies. Strong rooted territorial communities with a clearly defined identity have not formed in the northern republics and oblasts. It is shown that there is an urgent need to form a new model for the development of the European north, using both the resource of cultural heritage and modern approaches to the formation of the industrial and social environment. In addition, the need for a large-scale renewal of the regional political elites as well as the very principles of their formation is becoming more and more obvious. The work uses comparative historical and ethnographic methods, the provisions of migration theory, the statistical and sociological methods (mass polls), as well as political and sociological approaches to understanding social conflict. As for the political science approaches, the article is based on the provisions of rational choice theory.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.