Greening system in the cities includes not only parks, squares, gardens, but also includes various institutions of cultural and consumer services, the territory of higher educational institutions, which include universities and institutes of various profiles. In the planning structure of cities, higher educational institutions occupy a special position and are often the main city-forming factors. In many cities, to which the city of Voronezh can be attributed, the number of higher educational institutions is significant; therefore, students (by age group) make up a considerable part of the city's population. Territories of higher educational institutions have certain specificity in landscaping and landscaping. There-fore, it is necessary to consider the planning structure of educational institutions that differ in specialization and identify features in the compositional structure, elements of landscaping and improvement activities. To do this, it is necessary to carry out the landscape organization of the territory of educational institutions. It is a part of architectural and planning solution and of landscaping system of the entire area. We have conducted a study of plantings according to their condition, identified the level of greenery, and determined the spatial structure, sanitary and hygienic and aesthetic assessments. Buildings, structures, woody, shrub and herbaceous plants, lawns located on the territory of universities should be a single architectural ensemble that serves as a scientific and recreational center. As a result of the research, the balance of the territory of universities was determined. IT showed that the percentage of greenery does not meet the standards. The condition of plantings at the facilities was assessed as satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the number of plantations with the most resistant types of tree and shrub vegetation, and also take into account their decorative effect. In general, it is necessary to create an aesthetically complete environment for a comfortable stay and learning for both students and teachers
As a result of the growth of large cities, new urbanized areas appear which leads to alienation in their use of the territories of natural areas for organizing recreation of the population. The increase in the proportion of the urban population is proportionally associated with the growth of recreational use. Anthropogenic impact negatively affects the environment, and, consequently, on natural complexes, sometimes introducing absolutely unforeseen changes. This leads to a deterioration of forest and water resources, and, accordingly, changes in the composition of flora and fauna. The growth of large cities is not only due to the expansion of territories, but also due to the consolidation of urban development. At the same time, the recreational load on the existing park territories exponentially increases. It becomes necessary to use previously decayed park areas or green plantations that have remained intact in the city to reduce this load. Their landscaping will result in partial unloading of large parks and squares of the city, but it is associated with such issues as climate regulation in these zones, as well as with organization and creation of additional resources for both recreational and economic areas. Squares and small parks of the city of Voronezh are one of the most popular recreation places for the population. But since they do not have the necessary landscaping and gardening, the further residence of a person can lead to degradation of these objects. At our research facilities, we determined that the load is the maximum permissible one, therefore, it is necessary to assign measures for gardening and improvement that will affect uniform distribution of recreants on these recreation facilities and this will give an opportunity to rebuild the territories and will not lead them to further degradation. Also, it is necessary to investigate the objects and make the activities that will improve sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic, decorative qualities. When researching objects, we have also developed functional zoning on the basis of landscape-ecological assessment of the territory of objects and given recommendations on landscaping and improvement, care and maintenance of these facilities. Range of plants, which are the most gas and smoke resistant in these areas of the city, has been recommended.
The relevance of the study is explained by the deterioration of plants in the parkland of Voronezh. The important issue is the assessment of urban plants and the impact of the anthropogenic factors of urban environment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of the existing plants and the park state, and to recommend measures to improve the structure of the park by updating the planning decisions, introducing the additional assortment of plants and changing the type of spatial structure of plants, as a sustainable part of the green infrastructure of Voronezh. The assessment of the current state of the plants has revealed a systematically decreasing share of the public green space and the reduction of the relative plant life under anthropogenic loads. The dead trees accounting for 35 % must be removed. The expansion of the assortment of plants and updating the planning decisions will form a positive trend in the reconstruction of public parks. Changing the city spaces will create the favorable conditions and environment-forming functions of green plants, and make for the comfortable life of people of Voronezh.
This article touched on literacy and landscaping Terry thorium schools in the city of Voro-nezh and Voronezh region. Recommendations for functional zoning of schools. Each zone should be outlined relevant activities that will improve the quality of your stay at this facility.
УДК 630.91 ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ ПРОДУКТ ЛЕСНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ И СЕЛЕКЦИИ И ЕГО СИНЕРГИЧЕСКИЙ ЭФФЕКТ ДЛЯ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И СМЕЖНЫХ ОБЛАСТЕЙ доктор экономических наук, профессор Н.И. Кожухов 1 кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук В.А. Кострикин 2 А.Н. Топчеев 3 1 -Мытищинский филиал ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)», г. Мытищи, Российская Федерация 2 -ФГБУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лесной генетики, селекции и биотехнологии», г. Воронеж, Российская Федерация 3 -ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова», г. Воронеж, Российская ФедерацияНовое природопользование, биотехнологии и другие элементы шестого технологического уклада, к которому уже начинают переходить наиболее развитые страны, создают и новые проблемы, риски и вызовы. В лесном секторе экономики Российской Федерации таким вызовом и проблемой является необходимость обеспечения баланса между устойчивым развитием лесного хозяйства как базовой отрасли лесного сектора, на которую опирается вся пирамида лесопромышленных отраслей, и экологически ответственным и безопасным лесопользованием. К сожалению, Воронежская область давно уже утратила былую славу, подкрепленную в свое время наличием могучих дубовых древостоев и огромных запасов корабельной древесины, побудивших Петра I к созданию мощного российского флота. И когда в 1970 году было принято решение о размещении в Воронеже НИИ лесной генетики и селекции, то не последним аргументом в пользу именно этой территории были соображения о возрождении лесного потенциала Воронежских дубрав. И сегодня еще не поздно разработать амбициозный проект восстановления селекционных, высокопродуктивных дубовых древостоев, повышения уровня лесистости области до 12 и более процентов, что скажется не только на качестве экологической среды, росте социально-экономических показателей, прибавке урожая сельхозпроизводителей, но и на уровне инвестиционной привлекательности региона. Как правило, при этом происходит самоорганизация системы, возрастает степень её упорядочности, возникает положительный синергический эффект многогранного характера. Причем совокупный синергический эффект самоорганизующейся системы представляет собой не простую сумму отдельных компонентов этого эффекта, а нередко их перемножение, что значительно увеличивает конечный результат.Ключевые слова: инновационный проект, синергетика, сохранение биоразнообразия, генетический резерват, повышение продуктивности, биотехнология, улучшенные семена, объекты лесного семеноводства, микроклональное размножение Естественные науки и лес ---Abstract New nature management, biotechnologies and other elements of the sixth technological order, to which the most developed countries are already beginning to move, also create new problems, risks and challenges. In the forest sector of the economy of the Russian Federation, such a challenge and problem is the need to strike a balance between sustainable development of forestry, as the basic sector of ...
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