Aim. The study was designed for the theoretical analysis of the somatotypological characteristics of people of the second childhood, adolescent, youthful and mature age periods and their importance for sports orientation.Materials and methods.In course of the theoretical analysis, the search was performed in Scopus, eLIBRARY and PubMed databases using the keywords “somatotype”, “morphometry”, “somatometry”.Results. The presented materials are considered from the ecological, geographical, ethnical and territorial perspectives that have a significant impact on the constitutional heterogeneity of the population. The features of the somatotypological characteristics of boys and girls participating in various sports are being specified. Concluding the analysis of the literature, it can be stated that in a number of studies, certain ratios of the main body types were observed in healthy individuals of various ethnical and territorial groups. However, upon closer acquaintance with this material, significant contradictions are revealed regarding the nature and the degree of manifestation of these shifts, and, in some cases, even mutually exclusive statements are made.Conclusion. In view of the above, it is possible to conclude that further systematic study of these issues is needed.
Relevance Investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid system of children of different ages, especially pre-school and school periods of childhood, becomes essential, since the further development of the brain and its proper functioning depends on the way it functions. Considering the MRI indications of the elements of the cerebrospinal fluid system of children is important for the development of neurology and neurosurgery, it is necessary to consider gender differences in the brain size and structure.Objective To study the sex differences in the structure of the cerebrospinal fluid system in seven-year-old children.Material and Methods For the study, archival data on the sizes of the lateral ventricles of the brain of 120 children aged 7 (60 boys and 60 girls) were involved, in particular: 1) the length of the anterior horn; 2) the width of the anterior horn; 3) the length of the central part; 4) the width of the central part; 5) the length of the posterior horn; 6) the width of the posterior horn; 7) the length of the lower horn; 8) the anteroposterior size; 9) the distance between the anterior horns; 10) the distance between the posterior horns; 11) the length of the third ventricle; 12) the height of the third ventricle; 13) the length of the aqueduct; 14) the length of the fourth ventricle; 15) the height of the fourth ventricle. The studies were carried out using the method of magnetic resonance imaging. Quantitative indicators were assessed for compliance with the normal distribution using the KolmogorovSmirnov test. The accumulation, correction, systematization of the initial information were carried out in Microsoft Excel 2016. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). The results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results The data obtained in the study of the cerebrospinal fluid system in children during their pre-school period of childhood are indicators of the norm and can be used for diagnostic studies in the departments of radiation diagnostics. The bilateral asymmetry of the lateral ventricles of the brain in pre-school children, discovered during the work, is of crucial clinical significance. The morphometric indicators of the elements of the cerebrospinal fluid system should be considered by specialists in the study of brain neuroplasticity.Conclusion Analysis of the obtained in vivo encephalometric data indicates the presence of sexual variability of the brain and parameters of the structures of the cerebrospinal fluid.
Aim. To find out gender features of anthropometric characteristics, to define average index value of stress resistance of young teenagers living on the territory of Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria.Materials and methods. Data on body height, weight, arterial blood pressure and pulse of 140 children (70 girls and 70 boys) at the age of 13,2±1,6 years living in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria as well as 137 children (70 boys and 67 girls) at the age of 13,4±0,1 year living on the territory of Krasnodar Krai (The Belorechensk and Crimean Districts) are collected and subjected to the statistical analysis. The appropriate number of heartbeat, total body area, the level of endured stress were determined by the formulas developed by Yu.R. Sheykh-Zade. Digital material is processed by the method of variation statistics in the Microsoft Excel program.Results. The carried-out statistical analysis showed that anthropometric parameters are lower in thirteen-year old boys living in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria than in inhabitants of various parts of Krasnodar Krai: body weight (47,63±1,75 and 52,56±1,02 kg respectively), body area (14279,54±176,54 and 15109,95±181,67 cm2 respectively), index of body weight (19,12±0,21 and 20,43±0,30 c.u. respectively). Girls at the age of thirteen living in the Republic of KabardinoBalkaria have lower physiological parameters in comparison with inhabitants of Krasnodar Krai: the appropriate number of heartbeat (68,31±0,54 and 70,78 ±0,39 min-1 respectively), stress resistance index (1,14±0,23 and 1,28±0,05 c.u. respectively).Conclusion. Gender differences of anthropometric and physiological parameters in children of the early teenage period between the stated regions (Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria) are determined.
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