The relevance of the research problem is driven by the modern discourse in translation pedagogy. Our understanding of the network enables to find a new way in modelling translation process in the context of modern communications flow, professional groups, databases, interaction technologies for translation companies and clients, project managers and translators etc. The online model for teaching and learning translation is not limited to communication networks. Its main linking node is a social subject-the learner. Such social network's feature as a cell-based structure makes it possible to present theoretical and practical material in the form of modules that include challenges, solution options, necessary internal and external resources, learning activities and ways to check the achievements. The practical value is that the online model for teaching and learning translation will help the students to learn certain modular blocks of the translation model by using structured and unstructured communication channels.
The article describes an original approach to training of technical translators. The authors present a model describing formation of translation competences in students / graduates of nonlinguistic higher schools which has been tested throughout 15 years in the Engineering Academy of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Key competences of technical translators were defined, examined and systematized. In particular, these include intercultural, communicative, special, social and personal competence. The authors propose a phased approach to the formation of translation competences during fulfillment of relevant tasks by translators. This gave the possibility to point out four main training stages -professional orientation, analysis, synthesis and correction. Each tasks referring to the above stages formed the basis of the original training modules which include the following components: tasks, ways of its solution, relevant competences and external assets, certain exercises developed to check formedness of relevant knowledge and skills in the field of technical translation. The developed model has an important feature which implies integration of knowledge and skills referring to a particular industry in students / graduates of higher educational institutions.
We develop a Hamiltonian formulation of the Bianchi type I spacetime in conformal gravity-the theory described by the Lagrangian L ∝ √ −g C abcd C abcd , which involves the quadratic curvature invariant constructed from the Weyl tensor, in a four-dimensional spacetime. We derive the explicit forms of the super-Hamiltonian and of the constraint expressing the conformal invariance of the theory and we write down the system of canonical equations. To seek out exact solutions of this system we add extra constraints on the canonical variables and we go through a global involution algorithm which eventually leads to the closure of the constraint algebra. The Painlevé approach provides us with a proof of non-integrability, as a consequence of the presence of movable logarithms in the general solution of the problem. We extract all possible particular solutions that may be written in closed analytical form. This enables us to demonstrate that the global involution algorithm has brought forth the complete list of exact solutions that may be written in closed analytical form. We discuss the conformal relationship, or absence thereof, of our solutions with Einstein spaces. We adopt Wald's conventions of sign, definitions of curvature tensors (but the extrinsic curvature) and abstract index notation unless otherwise stated [4]. 0264-9381/99/030749+20$19.50 © 1999 IOP Publishing Ltd † Latin indices i, j, k, . . . refer to spacelike components in t whereas Greek indices α, β, γ, . . . refer to components with respect to a specific spacetime basis, such as the ADM basis with vectors e n := n = (∂ t − N i ∂ i )/N and e i = ∂ i .
In this paper a method of correcting modulation broadened signals by means of their Fourier transforms is investigated. It is shown that in the absence of saturation this method, which can be applied for arbitrary line shape functions, provides the true line shape as well as any of its derivatives. The same holds if saturation is present, provided that the modulation frequency is small compared with the spin-lattice relaxation rate and the induced transition probability.by the correction procedure, and a theoretical expression of the signal-noise ratio after correction is derived for the detection of the nth harmonic signal. The conditions for maximization of the signal-noise ratio after correction are given. It is shown that the sensitivity increases for decreasing values of the limits between which the Fourier transformations are performed, limited only by an increasing distortion of the signal. For the first derivatives of a Iorentzian and gaussian line shape this distortion is compared with that due to the modulation broadening. The results are compared with experiments carried out on the ESR spectrum of 1-iminoxy -2,2,6,6-tetra(perdeuteromethyl)cyclohexane radical at -50% and 9 GHz.It has further been investigated how the noise is influenced
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