The causative agent of furunculosis Aeromonas salmonicida is widely spread around the world and usually affects many cold-water fish (trout), salmon, and less often fish from other families. Currently, there is no scheme for indicating the bacterium of the species A. salmonicida from objects of the external environment, using bacteriophages and accumulation media, which complicates the study of the distribution area of the mentioned microorganism and rapid indication of the pathogen. For this reason, the aim of the study was to develop a scheme for the indication of A. salmonicida bacteria using bacteriophages. To identify field strains of A. salmonicida, we examined 56 samples of water objects in Ulyanovsk and the Ulyanovsk region. Using the environment of accumulation of A. Sl.1 and the differential diagnostic environment A.Sl.2.7 A. salmonicida strains were isolated and typed from 56 samples. We have developed a scheme for the indication of A. salmonicida bacteria based on the modification of the phage titer increase reaction (RSF) using the accumulation medium A.Sl.1. This scheme allows detecting A. salmonicida in the amount of 103m.K./ml within 24 hours. The proposed scheme has the potential to be modified and applied to a whole range of microorganisms, sensitive and specific, allowing to detect bacteria in the substrate in a short time, in the presence of foreign microflora without isolation of pure cultures.
Soil is a vital and valuable natural resource that sustains life on earth. Appropriate soil functioning depends on the balance of its structure and composition, as well as physical, chemical and biological properties. Often, this balance is disturbed under the influence of various abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, soil restoration is of great importance in order to prevent possible adverse effects on living systems and to preserve the environment for future generations. Various studies confirmed the effectiveness of introduction of rhizobacteria to improve soil fertility, increase growth and productivity of agricultural crops. Bacillus subtilis is one of the most common rhizobacteria used in agriculture. Many B. subtilis strains are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus and potassium, thereby contributing to an increase in the amount of macroelements necessary for plant nutrition in soil. The aim of this work was to search for genes responsible for synthesis of phytase, nitrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in strains of bacteria of Bacillus subtilis species by real-time PCR. To determine the presence of genes encoding the synthesis of the desired enzymes in Bacillus subtilis, an in-silico analysis of the annotated genomes of this bacterial species presented in the NCBI information database was carried out. Then the selection of primers for screening the target spots was made. According to the results of the study, 10 out of 19 isolated Bacillus subtilis strains contained all three required DNA regions responsible for synthesis of phytase, nitrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes.
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