The article presents the results of studies on the effect of the preparation "Aspartzinc" on the processes of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant system of the pheasant organism. For the prevention of zinc deficiency conditions, various additives are often used recently. One of them is "Aspartzinc", which includes zinc aspartate. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the zinc preparation "Aspartzinc" on the processes of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant defense system of the pheasant organism. The studies were carried out on pheasants of the North Caucasian breed. The birds were kept under the conditions of the State Budgetary Institution JSC "Directorate of the Southern Specialized Protected Areas and GOOH" Astrakhanskoye ". It has been established that the Asparzinc drug has an antioxidant effect and inhibits the processes of lipid peroxidation in the body of pheasants. It was found that after the administration of "Asparzinc" at doses of 1 mg/kg (experimental group 1) and 2 mg/kg (experimental group 2), the concentration of DC in the blood serum of pheasants decreased by 8.9% and 16.4%, respectively, relative to the initial values. The concentration of MDA in the tissues of the lungs also decreases by 14.6% (experimental group 1) and 13.5% (experimental group 2) and in the tissues of the pectoral muscle by 14.6% (dose 1 mg/kg) and 13.5% (dose 2 mg/kg), respectively, relative to the initial value.The antioxidant activity of the drug is expressed in an increase in catalase activity in the tissue of the liver, kidney and lungs after the administration of the Asparzinc preparation in birds of the 2nd experimental group, relative to the initial level. In the heart tissue after the introduction of the drug "Aspartzinc" in birds of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, there was an increase in catalase activity by 9.8% and 14.5%, respectively, relative to the initial level.
The study of trace elements in recent years has reached a new comprehensive clinical and biochemical level of diagnosis of the latent form of hypomicroelementoses. About this in the literature, there are serious studies performed on various productive animals, including farm birds. Of particular importance are these data when transporting animals from one biogeochemical region to another, and their acclimatization. The work shows the data from a study of a large complex of physiological and biochemical blood parameters in Zaanen white German improved goats imported to the Astrakhan region from the “reference” chernozem region (Krasnodar Territory), where, due to the optimal level of trace elements in the main components of terrestrial ecosystems (soil, water, various types of plants and plant foods) endemic pathologies are not observed, including hypomicroelementoses. The studied clinical parameters (body temperature, pulse rate, the number of respiratory movements per minute) in Saanen white German improved goats acclimatizing in the Astrakhan region were determined by generally accepted methods and they were within the range of normative and published data. The content of trace elements in biological samples was determined by the atomic absorption method. The main changes were revealed during the biochemical analysis of the blood of the studied goats, which indicate the presence in the Saanen white German improved goats of a latent (asymptomatic) form of the combined (Se, I, Co) hypomicroelementosis, which was accompanied by a decrease in the integrative functions of milk productivity and reproduction of the studied ruminants.
The toxicological characteristics of the injection form of copper nanopowder are presented. The studied compound was administered in carts of 500 mg /kg (group 2 animals), 1000 mg/kg (group 3 animals), 2000 mg/kg (group 4 animals), 3000 mg/kg (group 5 animals) and 5000 mg/kg (group 6 animals). Animals of the control group (group 1) were injected with an appropriate amount of solvent (propylene glycol). The volume of the injected compound did not exceed 5 ml. It was found that after administration of the studied compound at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg, there were no clinical manifestations of intoxication in white rats. With an increase in doses up to 2000 – 5000 mg / kg of body weight, anxiety, difficulty breathing, and tremor were observed. However, according to the results of the experiment, we did not establish a lethal dose of the drug. When studying the chronic toxicity of the drug, negative changes in animal behavior were observed for 14 days. During the whole time of the experiment, for some time there were not coordinated and coordinated movements. There was no paralysis. The mucous membranes were pink in color without pathological changes. Throughout the entire time of the research, the animals reacted to external (sound) stimuli. A decrease or lack of appetite was observed an hour after administration of the drug and lasted for 6 days, then returned to normal. Thus, the studied compound can be attributed to hazard class IV and to the group of low-toxic substances in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76.
ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЯ Мониезиоз овец в Астраханской области РЕЗЮМЕМониезиоз является гельминтозом домашних и многих видов диких жвачных животных. Он вызывается цестодами рода Moniezia семейства Anoplocephalidae, паразитирующими в тонком отделе кишечника. Целью данного исследования является определение степени распространенности мониезиоза среди овец на территории Астраханской области и выявление соответствующих факторов риска. Астраханская область, расположенная на юге Европейской части России, является регионом традиционного развития овцеводства. Рельеф данной местности представляет собой в основном полупустынные равнины с резко континентальным климатом. Одна тысяча пятьсот овец породы советский меринос из различных районов Астраханской области были обследованы при помощи метода Фюллеборна для обнаружения яиц род Monieziasis а Moniezia в образцах фекалий. Гистологические срезы зрелых проглоттид окрашивали для проведения гистологического исследования и сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ). В ходе исследования было установлено, что в 397 (26,46%) образцах фекалий овец породы советский меринос была обнаружена инфекция мониезиоза. Процент заражения мониезиозом в зависимости от возраста овец составлял 35,61% и 22,12% среди молодых и взрослых овец соответственно. Мониезиоз был более распространен среди самок овец (41,52%), чем среди самцов (13,85%). Самая высокая заболеваемость мониезиозом у овец советской мериносовой породы была обнаружена весной (37,02%), за ней следовали осень (30,28%), лето (29,86%), а самая низка -зимой (22,65%). При исследовании с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) было выявлено, что несколько яиц рода Moniezia накапливались внутри проглоттид и проглоттид, содержащих двусторонние генитальные поры и краспедот.
Trace elements play an important role in stabilizing cellular structures, but in conditions of deficiency, they can cause various diseases. The purpose of this study is to present data from monitoring the biogeochemical situation of pasture ecosystems in southern Russia using the example of the Astrakhan region. The content of trace elements was studied in selected samples of the pasture ecosystem, as well as in organs and tissues of Soviet merino sheep in 30 animals. The concentration of trace elements was determined by the atomic absorption method. It has been established that the soil contains the greatest amount, contains manganese and zinc, and the least contains selenium. The greatest accumulation of selenium occurred in the kidneys and digestive organs, which is associated with the processes of absorption and excretion of the trace element in the body. The concentration of copper in the tissues of the body is unevenly distributed. The lowest concentration of a trace element was found in skeletal muscles and bone tissue; in other organs and tissues, the copper content ranged from 12.7 ± 0.05 to 21.2 ± 0.03 mg / kg. According to the content of cobalt, the studied organs and tissues can be arranged in the following order (in descending order): liver (2.21 ± 0.64 mg / kg) - blood (1.26 ± 0.05 mg / kg) - bone tissue (1, 05 ± 0.05 mg / kg) - wall of the small intestine (0.96 ± 0.04 mg / kg) - wall of the abomasum (0.94 ± 0.06 mg / kg) - lungs (0.73 ± 0.004 mg / kg) - spleen (0.70 ± 0.02 mg / kg) - kidneys (0.641 ± 0.03 mg / kg) - muscles (0.05 ± 0.003 mg / kg). A high concentration of manganese is found in bone tissue. In the rest of the studied organs and tissues, the concentration of magnesium ranged from 21.6 ± 1.13 to 48.5 ± 3.13 mg / kg. The largest amount in the body, of all the studied trace elements, contains zinc. The maximum zinc content was determined in the bone tissue and the wall of the abomasum - 165.1 ± 8.6 and 122.0 ± 8.74 mg / kg, respectively, and the lowest - in the blood and spleen - 32.5 ± 2.1 and 38.2 ± 3.21 mg / kg, respectively. The lowest concentration of iodine was found in the spleen and muscles; in the remaining studied tissues and organs, the content of the trace element ranged from 0.22 ± 0.024 to 0.31 ± 0.07 mg / kg.
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