The rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) provides nutrition for more than half the world's population. Traditionally it is considered an Asian crop, but it is also cultivated in Africa, America, Australia and Southern Europe. The main areas of rice growing in the world are occupied with the white-grained varieties. Wild-growing ancestors of cultural rice had a colored grain pericarp. In the countries of traditional rice growing, along with white-grained varieties, red and black grain rice varieties are grown as a dietary and therapeutic product. It is used for food without preliminary grinding of the grains, therefore all nutrients and biologically active substances this culture is valued for are preserved. Rice with the colored grain pericarp has a higher antioxidant activity than white-grained. The review presents data on the content of antioxidant compounds in the varieties of the red-and black-grained rice: phenolic acids, flavonoids, γ-oryzanol, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, etc. Aiming at these useful properties of rice plants with a colored grain pericarp, the leading rice-growing countries work on breeding of the modern pigmented rice varieties. In European countries, Italy and France, the red and black grain varieties of rice with a high content of phytochemical elements have also been bred based on Asian varieties. Breeding of rice varieties with colored grain pericarp was started in the Russian Federation in 2001. As a result, the following rice varieties were developed: red-grained Mars and Rubin (2012), as well as the black-grained glutinous variety Yuzhnaya Noch (2014), which are included in the RF State Register of Protected Breeding Achievements. These varieties have been revealed to contain a large amount of oleic and linolenic acids (up to 43 % each), whereas only their traces are found in the white-grained rice variety Rapan. There are significant differences in the content of antioxidants: Rapan has 7 mg/100 g; Mars and Rubin, 45 mg/100 g; Yuzhnaya Noch, 105 mg/100 g. These varieties have been introduced into commercial production and are used for dietary nutrition and as a starting material for the creation of new exclusive varieties of rice.Key words: red rice; black rice; rice varieties; hybridization; breeding; antioxidants; anthocyanins; proanthocyanidins; nutritional value.Рис посевной (Oryza sativa L.) обеспечивает питание более полови ны населения Земли. Традиционно он считается азиат-ской культу рой, но возделывается также в Африке, Америке, Австралии и Южной Европе. Основные площади посева риса в странах мира занимают белозерные сорта. Дикорастущие предки культурного риса имели окрашенный перикарп зерна. В странах традиционного рисоводства наряду с белозерными сортами выращивают крас нозерный и чернозерный рис для использования в качестве дие тического и лечебного продукта. Его употребляют в пищу без предварительного шлифования крупы, поэтому сохраняются все питательные и биологически активные вещества, которыми ценит ся эта культура. Рис с окра-шенным перикарпом зерна обладает более выс...
In solving the problems of modern rice growing associated with yield increase, resource/energy efficiency and profitability, development of new varieties and their timely introduction into production as a result of close cooperation of scientists and production workers is central. In this regard, the assortment of rice varieties of Kuban breeding is annually replenished with more productive ones having increased resistance to adverse biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors, technologization and energy supply during cultivation, and different cooking characteristics. Crop productivity is one of the main value indicators and the main requirement of production. It consists of number of plants per unit area and productivity of each of them. Therefore, in order to evaluate rice varieties and determine their suitability for cultivation in this agroclimatic zone, it is necessary to consider important agronomic traits and their variability during a certain time. The article presents the results of environmental testing of 20 rice varieties over three years (2016-2018). The variability of yield and number of productive stems per unit area in varieties was determined. The average and weak inter-varietal variability of productive plant stand (13.9; 10.3 and 13.5%) and yield (12.4; 9.2 and 9.9%) during the research period determines the optimal level of agricultural farming. The varieties that have formed a significantly high yield with its insignificant variability are recommended for cultivation in conditions of the Republic of Adygea.
Rice is the staple food of many nations of the world, as it gives the greatest amount of grain per unit area. The most important task in developing a new high-yielding variety is to increase the technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality, or at least to keep them at the optimal level (standard-check variety). Rice for food purposes is used in the form of cereals, as an admixture to bread or confectionery, in the production of flakes, puffy grains. This is due to the demand for high-quality rice with excellent taste and culinary qualities in a dynamic market. This article presents the results of three-year studies on the formation of technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality with different heat supply during the growing season. It is established that the accumulation of heat in 2016-2018. exceeded the average long-term data (783 °C) - 1054, 1089 and 1238 °C, respectively. Under these conditions, the varieties VNIIR 10244, VNIIR 10276 and VNIIR 10279 with a mass of 1000 grains - 29.3; 30.5 and 30.4 g, respectively were selected, significantly exceeding the standard (27.8 g). Vitreousness in all varieties was at a high level - 89.7-97.7%. Filming over the years of research varied on average from 17.7 to 21.4%. The fracture of the presented varieties was 4.7-32.3%. The varieties VNIIR 10275, VNIIR 10278 and VNIIR 10828 showed the maximum resistance to grain cracking - 9.7; 9.3 and 4.7%. Total milling yield in almost all genotypes was at the level of variety Flagman (st), with the exception of VNIIR 10278 (72.7%), which significantly exceeded the standard. By head rice content the variety VNIIR 10282 turned out to be significantly higher than the standard, and the rest within the LSD05. The correlation of technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality with the heat supply of the growing season were revealed. It was established that the varieties VNIIR 10279 and VNIIR 10282 by head rice content weakly correlate with heat supply. There are also varieties (VNIIR 10275, VNIIR 10276, VNIIR 10277 and VNIIR 10282) with a weak connection of a mass of 1000 grains and the sum of effective temperatures (0.60; 0.18; 0.27 and 0.36, respectively). This fact suggests a weak variability of these traits in new rice varieties with heat accumulation, which determines their genetic nature and the possibility of forming a high-quality yield.
No abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.