Increasing the resistance of varieties to diseases and pests is a priority in potato breeding. Many potato varieties created in the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka" are multi-species hybrids possessing complex resistance to the most spread pathogens in combination with a high plasticity, which determined their zoning in many regions of the Russian Federation. Potato varieties and hybrids created in different periods of time in this institute and in the Ltd Breeding company "LiGa" were included in marker-assisted selection with 22 markers of 14 R genes conferring extreme resistance to viruses PVY and PVX, resistance to cyst nematodes Globodera pallida (patotypes Pa2, Pa3) and G. rostochiensis (pathotype Ro1) and resistance to late blight. The data of molecular screening were compared with the results of the State Test of Varieties for Disease Resistance, as well as with other published sources. Markers of sterile and fertile cytoplasm types were also used in the study. Based on the results of molecular screening, varieties and hybrids with different combinations of markers of R genes conferring resistance to the most harmful pathogens (Ry sto , Ryf sto , Rx1, Rx2, Gro14, H1, Gpa2, R1, R3a, Rpiblb1, Rpisto1) were detected. Among them, genotypes with sterile D-, T-, W/gamma cytoplasmic types were selected. Analysis of their pollen fertility, crossability and pedigree data showed that breeders succeed in obtaining fertile forms with the D-and Задача повышения устойчивости сортов к болезням и вредителям является приоритетной для селекции картофеля. Многие сорта, созданные селекционерами северо-западной зоны Российской Федерации, являются многовидовыми гибридами, обладают ком-плексной устойчивостью к наиболее вредоносным патогенам в сочетании с высокой пластичностью, о чем свидетельствует их районирование в разных регионах нашей страны. В статье пред-ставлены результаты молекулярного скрининга сортов и гибридов, созданных в разные годы в ЛенНИИСХ «Белогорка» и в ООО Селек-ционная фирма «ЛиГа». Молекулярный скрининг проведен с ис-пользованием 22 маркеров 14 R-генов устойчивости к вирусам PVY и PVX, к цистообразующим нематодам -Globodera pallida (патотипы Pa2, Ра3) и G. rostochiensis (патотип Ro1) и к фитофторозу. Данные молекулярно-генетического анализа сопоставлялись с результа-тами Государственного испытания сортов на устойчивость к бо-лезням и с другими опубликованными источниками. В работе ис-пользованы также маркеры стерильных и фертильных типов цито-плазм. По результатам молекулярного скрининга выделены сорта и гибриды c разными сочетаниями маркеров R-генов (Ry sto , Ryf sto , Rx1, Rx2, Gro14, H1, Gpa2, R1, R3a, Rpiblb1, Rpisto1), обладающие D-, T-, W/gamma стерильными типами цитоплазм. Анализ фертиль-но сти пыльцы, результатов скрещиваний и данных родословных показал, что селекционерам удалось получить фертильные формы с D-и Т-типами цитоплазм, несущие генетический материал мекси-канских полиплоидных видов Solanum stoloniferum и S. demissum. Информация о наличии у гибридов и с...

Male sterility in potato is little studied since traditional breeding is based on the vegetative reproduction of highly heterozygous tetraploid varieties. The rapid development of hybrid diploid breeding contributes to growing interest in studying the male sterility of this important crop. In this work, a set of 6 cytoplasmic markers was employed to describe cytoplasmic genetic diversity of 185 potato cultivars bred in Russia and FSU countries. Three cytoplasm types were identified, T (40.0 %), D (50.8 %) and W/γ (8.7 %), which according to literature are associated with male sterility. With a single exception (0.5 %), cytoplasm types characteristic of male fertile forms (A, P) were not found in the subset of 185 cultivars. A comparison of these results with previously published data suggested expanding the subset to up to 277 cultivars, all developed in Russia or FSU countries; however, the resulting differentiation into three cytoplasm types (T, D and W/γ) was nearly the same. Fertility phenotyping helped identify both male-sterile and male-fertile genotypes within the three groups of varieties with T-, D-and W/γ-type cytoplasm. Fifteen genotypes differing in cytoplasm type and male sterility/fertility traits were selected for direct sequencing of 8 mtDNA loci. Fragments of the nad2, nad7, cox2, atp6 and CcmFc genes were identical in all 15 selected genotypes. The polymorphism, detected in the rps3, atp9 and CcmFc loci, was not associated with male sterility. Two SNPs in the nad1/ atp6 and nad2 loci differentiated 7 genotypes with W/γ-type cytoplasm into five genotypes with tetrad sterility, and two with fertile pollen. The results of an NGS analysis confirmed the association of these SNPs with tetrad sterility in a larger set of 28 genotypes of different origin, all with W/γ-type cytoplasm. A heteroplasmy state was observed both in male-sterile and in male-fertile genotypes.

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