Residential buildings and premises must comply with sanitary rules and regulations, but a lot of provisions of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions contradict Federal legislation and do not provide for the regulation of public relations arising in the process of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being of population at all stages of arranging residential buildings and premises, therefore they require updating. International, national regulatory legal acts of a number of countries, regulatory legal acts of Russian Federation, establishing sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, research studies carried out in Russia and abroad were used as research materials. A set of general scientific research methods: analytical, system-structural, comparative was a procedural basis of the study. Widening of the scope of sanitary standards and rules: extension of responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the document to the executive authorities, expanding the list of objects prohibited for allocation in residential buildings, measures to ensure a barrier-free environment for the disabled, requirements of inadmissibility of residential building destruction by mold, and others were suggested as the results of the study. Due to the fact that the problem of fresh air is common, the design indices of air and air exchange rate are proposed. Recommended changes regarding noise regulation assume the elimination of contradictions when correction coefficients are applied. Conclusions. Analysis of current sanitary and epidemiological requirements enabled to specify indoor environmental factors of the living space, originating from an interaction of outdoor environment, indoor environment of the living space and direct effect of the human himself and on which favorable living conditions depend, and elaborate on the reasons of violations of the established requirements. Suggested changes and additions corresponded to the main trends existing in international practice are aimed at specifying the provisions of the document, optimizing a number of standards, and eliminating contradictions. It is noted that regulation and monitoring of dwelling condition cannot be limited just by the indoor premises of the building. It is necessary to consider the living environment as a united system: human - residential unit (apartment, room, and auxiliary facilities) - building - surrounding grounds- microdistrict - residential area of the city.
In recent years, when regulating relations in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, risk-oriented supervision, and the population health risk assessment have been increasingly applied. The usage of these effective tools requires a clear legal framework. The article represents the analysis of the legal aspects of the usage of public health risk assessment and risk-based control (surveillance) in the field of the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation. Special attention is drawn to the problems of applying the methods for state sanitary-epidemiological surveillance. The analysis of draft laws related to this area and the legislation and experience of other countries is performed. The analysis of modern legislative changes regarding the application of risk-based supervision and the application of public health risk assessment allows concluding that the methodology for health risk assessment is an important tool in regulating relations in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. Currently, there is a certain legal and regulatory framework for its use. But it needs improvement. As the experience of the “regulatory guillotine” carried out in many countries shows, this procedure allows eliminating many contradictions existing in regulatory legal acts. A risk-based approach is enshrined in the legislation of all EAEU member countries. At the same time, an analysis of the regulatory framework showed that a risk-oriented model was formed to a greater extent and is functioning in terms of classification (categorization) by the risk of harm to the health of legal entities (LE), individual entrepreneurs (IP) or their activities than risk-based supervision of products traded in the consumer market. The transition to a new model of state control (supervision) requires legal consolidation of the risk management system in the law on sanitary and epidemiological well-being and taking into account the experience of the EU and EAEU countries in this area.
Introduction. Fundamental changes in the political and social infrastructure of the Russian Federation, the active development of the market economy, the assertion of legal statehood turned out The Russian legislation to have entered a qualitatively new state, a notable feature of which was the interdepartmental and intrastructural inconsistency. The sanitary rules on the sanitary protection zones of water supply sources have not passed this fate as a result of the problems of application of the norms of the document into the practice. The purpose of the study: to study of legal acts of the Russian Federation, establishing requirements for the areas of sanitary protection of sources of drinking and domestic water supply, identification of contradictions and development of proposals for amendments and additions to the existing sanitary rules on the areas of sanitary protection of water sources and drinking water supply. Material and methods. The article considers Federal laws and Government resolutions, sanitary rules, and norms, projects of sanitary protection zones of drinking and household water supply sources, literature sources as materials. The methodological basis of the research was the complex of General scientific methods for the study of public relations arising in the field of ensuring the hygienic safety of sources of drinking and economic-household water supply: analysis, systemic-structural, comparative. Results. The paper presents proposals to bring up to date the terms, names, and powers of the parties to the relationship, as well as clarifying the requirements for the composition of the project, its text, and cartographic part. Conclusion. Submitted proposals will create a consistent structure of the constituent elements of the regulated relations, to ensure the symmetry of the standards document with standards that determine the safety of drinking and economic - household water supply of the population in other normative acts. In addition, the proposed changes will form a system of rights and obligations, resulting in the liability for the violation of sanitary norms in the establishment of the boundaries of sanitary protection zones.
The article reviewsthe possibility to work out and introduce risk-oriented model for control and surveillance in the field of the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation. In implementation of risk-oriented approaches, choice of a model is of importance. If the static model is the starting one, then in the future, the dynamic model will be the most promising allowing for assessment of stability of the sanitary-epidemiologic situation in time. Introduction and development of risk-oriented models for control and surveillance is the actual objective at realization of sanitary-epidemiological control (surveillance) . It is necessary to work out and harmonize concept, procedural apparatus, and scientific and methodological support of risk-oriented control and surveillance on the base of the best world patterns and standards.
Introduction. The rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry makes the impact on the environmeте to be very important. The solution of the problem is related to waste management and, accordingly, the legislative regulation of waste management at medicinal products enterprises. Materials and methods. The methods of the scientific hypothetical-deductive cognition, general logical methods, and methods of research: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction were applied. The objects of research were laws and regulations governing relations in the field of waste management in the production of medicines, as well as departmental letters. Results. This article analyzes the contradictions occurring in federal laws and departmental regulations related to the management of medical waste in medicinal products manufacturing, which, on the one hand, may cause the violation of citizens' rights to a healthy environment and sanitary and epidemiological well-being, on the other hand to become the reason of restrictions in development of business. The legislative definition of medical waste was shown to include, besides other things, wastes from medicinal products manufacturing, which leads to the withdrawal of pharmaceutical enterprises waste from the general field of waste legislation. At the same time, there is a transfer of regulation of medicinal products manufacturing waste management to the sanitary legislation field. However, in practice, there is a situation of double regulation by the departmental acts of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare and Federal Service for Supervision over Natural Resource Management. Discussion. The analysis of the experience in the field of the organization of pharmaceutical waste management in the foreign practice (WHO, EPA) has been introduced, where the concept of pharmaceutical waste was introduced, within which hazardous chemical waste, controlled substances (narcotic, psychotropic, hormones) and biomedical wastes are selected. Conclusion. The analysis of federal regulations, sanitary norms, and rules, norms of Federal Service for Supervision over Natural Resource Management affecting the management of waste (medical waste) in the production of medicines, shows their limited applicability to modern high-tech industries, which requires bringing the regulatory and legal acts in line and improving the standardization.
The paper is devoted to the regulation of natural and artificial lighting, the harmonization of nighttime lighting requirements for residential and public buildings in order to prevent the total illumination of windows of residential buildings from outdoor lighting (from the roadway, dynamic video advertising lighting installations, etc.) with the current sanitary legislation and other industry regulatory and methodological documents. An optimization of a number of standards on the basis of scientific data is carried out.We calculated the maximum allowable brightness of advertising video screens. The materials of the study were laws and regulations of the Russian Federation. The obtained results will allow to avoid ambiguous interpretation and application of regulatory and methodological documents in practice.
Summary. Background: Running of built-in objects in residential houses can significantly worsen living conditions due to adverse effects of various chemical and physical environmental factors. Yet, sanitary and epidemiological standardization in terms of placement of non-residential premises in residential buildings is not sufficiently regulated, which leads to numerous violations when commissioning non-residential premises in residential buildings. In this regard, the question arises about legal acts regulating design issues and ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being when placing non-residential objects in residential buildings and constituting the basis for sanitary and epidemiological expert examinations. Materials and methods: We analyzed regulatory acts setting sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions, placement of public facilities in residential buildings, and alteration projects in residential buildings and examined the archive of public complaints. Results: We established the absence of federal regulations requiring mandatory sanitary and epidemiological expert examination of alteration projects for public facilities built into residential buildings. A significant part of issues related to ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population is determined by technical regulations on safety of buildings and structures rather than sanitary legislation. This is the reason why these regulations are included in the scope of accreditation of many inspection bodies of Rospotrebnadzor institutions. Executive authorities and customers of projects for placement of non-residential premises in residential buildings, assuming reconfiguration of built-in facilities, order a sanitary and epidemiological expert examination of alteration projects, rightly believing that elimination of nonconformities at the stage of a separate project will be the most cost-effective solution. Conclusion: It goes without saying that the most efficient solution that can help prevent deterioration of living conditions is a sanitary and epidemiological expert examination requiring amendments and additions to the current sanitary legislation on expediency of such an examination.
Introduction. The study of the aquifers water quality is an urgent task due to the increasing volumes of groundwater consumed, on the one hand, and the supply of drinking water to the population with insufficient water treatment or without it at all, on the other. In the Leningrad Region, one thousand three hundred thirty two water sources are used for drinking and household water supply to the population, while water without water treatment is supplied to the population of a significant number of settlements. Materials and methods. In this study, a systematic analysis, statistical analysis, and the first stage of health risk assessment - the identification of danger were conducted. Research materials included 2634 water quality laboratory studies protocols (135200 studies) of 728 underground water sources of the Leningrad region for 2018-2021; data of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring (FIF SGM) (34709 studies) for 2009-2019, reports on the results of searches and assessments of groundwater reserves for settlements water supply for 2003-2015; sanitary and epidemiological conclusions on the possibility of using water sources for drinking and household water supply, placed in the register of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing. Results. The analysis of the laboratory examinations results of the underground water quality, due to natural factors, from various aquifers was exploited in the studied area. Substances which concentrations exceed the maximum permissible level have been identified. The first carried out stage of health risk assessment included hazard identification with ranking of chemicals by hazard indices for all operational aquifers. Recommendations are given on the adjustment of social-hygienic monitoring and industrial control programs of underground water quality, as well as on the improvement of water treatment systems. Limitations. In this study there was a limitation on the nitrogen triad compounds origin and petroleum products analysis, in addition, the health risk assessment was limited to the hazard identification stage, due to the fact that exposure assessment was not performed. Conclusion. Based on the ranking, there were identified carcinogenic substances as follows: arsenic, beryllium, lead, cadmium and substances that don`t have a carcinogenic effect: fluoride ion, ammonium ion, calcium, sodium, barium, magnesium, nitrates, nitrites, manganese, iron, which must be included in the groundwater industrial control programs.
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