Technology was developed for impregnating polyamide fibres with phosphorus-and boron-containing compounds with fireproofing properties. The effect of the formula for the impregnating compositions on the physicomechanical properties and combustibility of the fibres was determined. The compositions increase adhesion of polyamide fibres to vulcanized chloroprene rubber.A great deal of attention has recently been focused on the problem of reducing the combustibility of chemical fibres widely used both in pure form and mixed with other polymers in sectors where fire safety is extremely important: auto interiors, aircraft, work clothes, heaters for industrial and domestic construction, rubber cord composites (conveyor belts, hoses).Chemical methods of fireproofing are among the most effective methods of reducing the combustibility of materials. They are varied and include use of a wide range of impregnation or coating compositions which have high resistance to fire and high temperatures.Polycaproamide fibres with a valuable set of properties are most widely used in manufacture of rubber cord composites. However, the high combustibility and inflammability significantly decrease the resistance of articles made from them to open flames.To eliminate this drawback, we developed new fireproofing compositions based on a phosphorus-and boroncontaining oligomer (PBO), triethanolamine (TEA), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The impregnating compositions were 15-25% aqueous solutions of PBO neutralized with TEA.Polycaproamide fibres (420-tex 252KNTS twisted fibre) were impregnated for 15 min at room temperature. The treated fibres were dried to a constant weight and then thermostated for 30 min at 100°C.The dependence of the basic physicomechanical indexes of the fibres on the formulas of the impregnating compositions was investigated to determine the efficacy of the fireproofing compositions and the optimum processing conditions (Table 1).CMC in the amount of 0.1% of the mass of PBO, which reacted with the PBO, forming water-insoluble products, was added to the formula of the impregnating compositions to eliminate partial washing off of the fireproofing compounds when the modified fibres were exposed to water. The data in Table 2 indicate the change in some properties of polyamide fibres with a change in the concentration of PBO in the impregnating compositions containing CMC.The study of combustion of the impregnated fibres showed that after removal of the sources of open flames, they self-extinguished. Reducing the CMC content in the impregnating compositions increased the resistance of the treated fibres to open flames (Table 3).The results of the study suggest that after treatment of polyamide fibres with the impregnating compositions, the weight loss in thermooxidative degradation decreased significantly.The increase in the strength of the polyamide fibres is probably due to localization of microdefects on their surface during treatment with the impregnating compositions, since microdefects are the source of destruction of...
Formula were developed for impregnating compositions based on phosphorus-and boron-containing methacrylate. The effect of the formula of the impregnating compositions on the basic physicochemical properties and flame resistance of the fibres was determined. The modified impregnating compositions increase adhesion of polyester fibres to chloroprene and isoprene rubber.Polyester fibres have a set of properties that make them alternatives in many areas of application and are gradually replacing other kinds of fibres both in the textile and in other industrial sectors; production of industrial rubber articles, fabrication of clothing, in the home, in the tire industry, in medicine. However, together with the positive properties, these fibres also have high combustibility, low adhesion to rubber, and low hydrophilicity, so that improving their quality is extremely urgent [1].Chemical methods are among the most effective methods of modifying polymer materials; they include impregnation or coating with different substances. Substances called combustion inhibitors or fireproofing compounds are used to reduce the combustibility of materials. Inorganic and organic substances that contain halogens, phosphorus, nitrogen, boron, metals, and other elements in the molecules are usually used as fireproofing compounds. Phosphorus-containing fireproofing compounds are environmentally safest, so that they are widely used in production of modified synthetic fibres [2,3].To eliminate the drawbacks of polyester fibres, we developed impregnating compositions based on phosphoruscontaining methacrylate (PBM) for surface treatment of polyester fibres. PBM is the product of the reaction of a phosphorusand boron-containing oligomer (PBO) with glycidyl methacrylate. Some properties of the phosphorus-containing methacrylate are presented below: AppearanceViscous amber liquid Density, g/cm 2 1.4612 Refractive index n D 20 1.7069 Kinematic viscosity, S 31.2The impregnating compositions were 45% aqueous solutions of PBM neutralized with ammonia with addition of an initiator, sodium persulfate, in the amount of 1 to 2% of the mass of the PBM.The polyester fibres (type 18 PDU -1444 tex) were impregnated for 15 min at room temperature. The treated fibres were squeezed out and dried to a constant mass and then thermostated at 150°C for 30 min. The formulas for the PBM impregnating compositions are reported in Table 1.The change in the basic physicomechanical indexes of the polyester fibres as a function of the formula of the impregnating composition was investigated to determine the effectiveness of the impregnating compositions and the optimum processing conditions (Table 2).Volzhsk Polytechnic Institute (branch of Volgograd State Technical University).
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