Development of difficultly combustible fibres with an improved set of properties

Abstract

Formula were developed for impregnating compositions based on phosphorus-and boron-containing methacrylate. The effect of the formula of the impregnating compositions on the basic physicochemical properties and flame resistance of the fibres was determined. The modified impregnating compositions increase adhesion of polyester fibres to chloroprene and isoprene rubber.Polyester fibres have a set of properties that make them alternatives in many areas of application and are gradually replacing other kinds of fibres both in the textile and in other industrial sectors; production of industrial rubber articles, fabrication of clothing, in the home, in the tire industry, in medicine. However, together with the positive properties, these fibres also have high combustibility, low adhesion to rubber, and low hydrophilicity, so that improving their quality is extremely urgent [1].Chemical methods are among the most effective methods of modifying polymer materials; they include impregnation or coating with different substances. Substances called combustion inhibitors or fireproofing compounds are used to reduce the combustibility of materials. Inorganic and organic substances that contain halogens, phosphorus, nitrogen, boron, metals, and other elements in the molecules are usually used as fireproofing compounds. Phosphorus-containing fireproofing compounds are environmentally safest, so that they are widely used in production of modified synthetic fibres [2,3].To eliminate the drawbacks of polyester fibres, we developed impregnating compositions based on phosphoruscontaining methacrylate (PBM) for surface treatment of polyester fibres. PBM is the product of the reaction of a phosphorusand boron-containing oligomer (PBO) with glycidyl methacrylate. Some properties of the phosphorus-containing methacrylate are presented below: AppearanceViscous amber liquid Density, g/cm 2 1.4612 Refractive index n D 20 1.7069 Kinematic viscosity, S 31.2The impregnating compositions were 45% aqueous solutions of PBM neutralized with ammonia with addition of an initiator, sodium persulfate, in the amount of 1 to 2% of the mass of the PBM.The polyester fibres (type 18 PDU -1444 tex) were impregnated for 15 min at room temperature. The treated fibres were squeezed out and dried to a constant mass and then thermostated at 150°C for 30 min. The formulas for the PBM impregnating compositions are reported in Table 1.The change in the basic physicomechanical indexes of the polyester fibres as a function of the formula of the impregnating composition was investigated to determine the effectiveness of the impregnating compositions and the optimum processing conditions (Table 2).Volzhsk Polytechnic Institute (branch of Volgograd State Technical University).

Modification of polyester threads to reduce flammability

“…Substances called combustion inhibitors or fire retardants that are usually inorganic and organic substances containing in their molecules elements such as halogens, phosphorus, nitrogen, boron, metals, etc. are used to reduce the flammability of polymeric materials [3].One of the most effective combustion inhibitors of polymeric materials is phosphorus and its compounds. These substances have good compatibility with polymers, exhibit high resistance to various external factors, and manifest their effectiveness even with a relatively low phosphorus content.…”

“…Substances called combustion inhibitors or fire retardants that are usually inorganic and organic substances containing in their molecules elements such as halogens, phosphorus, nitrogen, boron, metals, etc. are used to reduce the flammability of polymeric materials [3].…”