In this paper offered the technique of choice of harvesting machines under climatic conditions. The method was tested in the territory forestry of Eniseisk Krasnoyarsk region. According composed soil map of the territory it is clear that all soils, where it is necessary to operate the harvesting and transportation equipment is very diverse - from clay and heavy loam soil to slate. From these in the blank timber volumes and removal in the territory forestry of Eniseisk it can be seen that the maximum volume of logging occur in winter, in the summer the same time virtually no progress.
Лесоинженерное дело --------------------------------------------------------------------Многообразие природно-производственных условий, в которых приходится вести лесозаготовительную дея-тельность во многом затрудняет выбор лесозаготовительных машин для каждого отдельного предприятия отрасли имеющего в своем составе лесозаготовительные участки. В зависимости от многочисленных природных и производст-венных условий таких как: уклон местности, несущая способность грунтов, температура окружающей среды, макси-мальные капиталовложения и т.д., и широкой линейки лесозаготовительной техники представленной на рынке инже-нерно-техническим подразделениям предприятия решая задачу о покупке новой или замене утратившей свою работо-способность технике все труднее сделать правильный выбор. В рамках данной работы представлена методика по фор-мированию системы лесозаготовительных машин с учетом природных и производственных условий в удобной форме, не требующая от специалиста особых знаний из области математического моделирования или других областей науки.. Согласно методике первым этапом является выбор базовой машины выполняющей первую и основную операцию по валке деревьев, далее необходимо выбрать вспомогательные машины, увязанные с базовой по параметрам производи-тельности, чтобы сократить количество межоперационного запаса. Выбор базовой и вспомогательных машин произво-дится при условии соответствия кандидатов исключающим и значимым показателям. Если в процессе выбора лесозаго-товительная машина не соответствует критериям отбора по исключающим показателям далее она не принимает уча-стие в отборе. Значимыми показателями можно пренебречь при несоответствии кандидатов заявленным требованиям. Работоспособность модели была проверена на примере лесозаготовительных участков предприятий Красноярского края весной 2016 года. В ходе проведения эксперимента была получена система лесозаготовительных машин отвечаю-щая требуемым критериям отбора.Ключевые слова: методика выбора системы лесозаготовительных машин, природно-производственные условия, базовая машина, вспомогательные машины. Abstract A variety of natural-production conditions, which is necessary to conduct logging activities largely complicates the choice of forest machines for each individual company in the industry having logging sites in its composition. Depending on many natural and production conditions such as: slope, bearing capacity of soils, ambient temperature, maximum investments, etc., and the wide range of forestry equipment on the market, engineering divisions of the company solving a problem about the purchase of new or replacement of lost its performance machines are more and more difficult to make the right choice. This work presents a methodology for forming the system of forest machines with the natural and production conditions in a convenient form, not requiring special expert knowledge from the field of mathematical modeling or other areas of science. According to the methodology the first step is selection of basic machine and performing the first major operat...
In order to increase the efficiency of the enterprise we should organize a management system, which depends on the precise structure of the enterprise and activities of all its elements towards the selected target. The management structure consists of all the goals distributed between different levels, between which relationships exist, ensuring coordination of individual actions for their implementation. The relationship of the structure and key concepts of management by goals, functions, process, functioning, and powers suggests that it has a huge impact on all aspects of the work of the organization. Organizations create structure in order to coordinate and control the activities of their departments and employees. The structure of organizations differ from each other by the degree of separation of activities into different functions - complexity, extent of use of pre-established rules and procedures, formalization, levels at which management decisions are taken – balance between centralization and decentralization. To improve the efficiency of the enterprise in an increasingly competitive environment, management must quickly react to constant changes in the external infrastructure. This is especially important for the forest industry, as their effectiveness depends on external conditions. Feature timber companies is that, in addition to changes in the external infrastructure, production activity is affected by changes of production conditions, which depend on space and run time of logging, from specific species and qualitative composition of old felling areas, climatic conditions, level of infrastructure development of the region as a whole.
Within the framework of these studies, on the example of logging sites (LS) of one of the largest forest industry enterprises of the Russian Federation, located in the Lower Priangarie, the effectiveness of various technological processes of logging operations have been analyzed. As a result of research the following conclusions can be made. On logging sites of the "Novoyeniseisk Forest Chemical Complex", technology for skidding trees, tree trimming and bucking at the loading site, wood removals in the form of log assortments is used. Ninety four percent of the logging volume of timber is harvested by the mechanized technologies. The percentage of use of annual allowable cutting varies from 20 to 58%.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.