The use of a complex fi lter for water treatment is proposed for the fi rst time. The complex fi lter includes two layers. The fi rst layer along the course of the water should be loading for mechanical cleaning, the second - for softening (ion exchange). Cleaning can be one- or two-stage. For research, water was used from three wells in the Samara region. In the course of the work, two stages of laboratory research were carried out, on the basis of which the best fi ltering load was determined. The calculation of the total and working exchange capacity has been made. A technical and economic comparison of cleaning methods was carried out. The results of the work performed were summed up, proposals were made for the rational use of installations and the prospects for the development of the work in the future were determined.
The work is devoted to solving the problem of the lack of draft of the existing chimney when operating hot water boilers at full capacity. Thermal and aerodynamic calculations were performed. Thermal calculation was carried out with diff erent loading of hot water boilers and the number of operating burners. The options for the operation of boilers according to the regime map and test protocols are considered. In the aerodynamic calculation for the sections, the resistance of the gas ducts was determined, the chimney was calculated. A fl ue gas pump is installed to remove combustion products from hot water boilers. This will ensure the parallel operation of two hot water boilers over the entire load range.
Рассматривается проблема качества воды, предназначенной для работы котельных и тепловых сетей на примере районов города Самары, а также городов и поселков Самарской области. Приведены результаты химического анализа природных вод районов города Самары, городов и поселков Самарской области. В качестве существенных показателей качества при выборе способов подготовки воды рассматриваются общая жесткость, карбонатная жесткость, сухой остаток исходной воды, водородный показатель. На основе учета показателей качества воды даны рекомендации по выбору способов водоподготовки в котельных для котлов различного типа и в зависимости от их тепловой мощности. Акцентируется внимание на правильном выборе способа умягчения в зависимости от показателей качества воды. The problem of water quality is considered for the operation of boiler and heating networks in the example of the districts of the city of Samara, as well as cities and towns of the Samara region. The results of the chemical analysis of natural waters in the areas of the city of Samara, cities and towns of the Samara region are presented. As the main quality indicators in the choice of water preparation methods, the total hardness, carbonate hardness, the dry residue of the initial water, the hydrogen index are considered. Based on water quality indicators, recommendations are given on the choice of water treatment methods in boiler rooms for boilers of various types and depending on their thermal capacity. Att ention is focused on the correct choice of the softening method depending on the water quality indicators.
SELECTION OF LIQUID FUEL TYPE FOR BOILER ROOM Проведен сравнительный анализ основных видов резервного топлива для котельных, включая мазут, дизельное топливо и сжиженные углеводородные газы. Проанализированы основные технологические аспекты и особенности построения топливных хозяйств. Рассмотрены экономические аспекты использования различных видов резервного топлива. Оценены тепловые и стоимостные затраты на хранение и сжигание топлив. Выполнен расчет выбросов в атмосферу вредных веществ, включая диоксид азота, оксид азота, оксид углерода, бензапирен, диоксид серы, сажу. Определены массы выбрасываемых веществ, их концентрации в долях ПДК, расстояния, на которых наблюдается максимальная концентрация выбросов. Обоснована перспективность использования сжиженных углеводородных газов и технологии «Propane-Air». The article presents a comparative analysis of the main types of reserve fuel for boilers, including fuel oil, diesel fuel and liquefi ed petroleum gases. The main technological aspects and features of construction of fuel farms are analyzed. The economic aspects of the use of diff erent types of reserve fuel are considered. The thermal and cost costs of fuel storage and combustion are estimated. The calculation of emissions into the atmosphere of harmful substances, including nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, benzapyrene, sulfur dioxide, soot. The masses of emitt ed substances, their concentration in fractions of MPC, distances at which the maximum concentration of emissions is observed are determined. The prospects of using liquefi ed hydrocarbon gases and «Propane-Air» technology are substantiated.
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