The use of a complex fi lter for water treatment is proposed for the fi rst time. The complex fi lter includes two layers. The fi rst layer along the course of the water should be loading for mechanical cleaning, the second - for softening (ion exchange). Cleaning can be one- or two-stage. For research, water was used from three wells in the Samara region. In the course of the work, two stages of laboratory research were carried out, on the basis of which the best fi ltering load was determined. The calculation of the total and working exchange capacity has been made. A technical and economic comparison of cleaning methods was carried out. The results of the work performed were summed up, proposals were made for the rational use of installations and the prospects for the development of the work in the future were determined.
The results of chemical analysis of natural waters from surface (river, water supply) and underground (well, well) sources are given. Water selection for analysis was carried out in a number of cities and villages of the Samara and Penza regions. The analysis was performed on the following indicators: total stiff ness, hydrogen index, calcium, magnesium, iron cations, chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbonates, permanganate oxidability. The most common chemical indicator of water quality exceeding MPC was identifi ed. The negative impact of rigid water on the operation of boiler units and household needs is shown. Various methods of water softening are illuminated. The results of determination of water hardness before softening and after fi ltration through a layer of cationite and anionite are presented. Based on the obtained indicators, recommendations are given on the selection of softening methods for various types of boilers.
Рассматривается проблема качества воды, предназначенной для работы котельных и тепловых сетей на примере районов города Самары, а также городов и поселков Самарской области. Приведены результаты химического анализа природных вод районов города Самары, городов и поселков Самарской области. В качестве существенных показателей качества при выборе способов подготовки воды рассматриваются общая жесткость, карбонатная жесткость, сухой остаток исходной воды, водородный показатель. На основе учета показателей качества воды даны рекомендации по выбору способов водоподготовки в котельных для котлов различного типа и в зависимости от их тепловой мощности. Акцентируется внимание на правильном выборе способа умягчения в зависимости от показателей качества воды. The problem of water quality is considered for the operation of boiler and heating networks in the example of the districts of the city of Samara, as well as cities and towns of the Samara region. The results of the chemical analysis of natural waters in the areas of the city of Samara, cities and towns of the Samara region are presented. As the main quality indicators in the choice of water preparation methods, the total hardness, carbonate hardness, the dry residue of the initial water, the hydrogen index are considered. Based on water quality indicators, recommendations are given on the choice of water treatment methods in boiler rooms for boilers of various types and depending on their thermal capacity. Att ention is focused on the correct choice of the softening method depending on the water quality indicators.
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