From all group of infectious pathology viral hepatitises, from which the most priority are the parenteral hepatitises B and С, are essential for health of mankind, also the Irkutsk region isn’t an exception.The aim of the study:to assess an epidemiological situation in sharp and chronic forms of the viral hepatitises B and С in the territory of the Irkutsk region for the long-term period.Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis of an epidemiological situation on viral hepatitises B and C in Russia, Siberian Federal District and in the Irkutsk region for 2008–2016 is carried out.Results.The expressed decrease in incidence of acute viral hepatitis B is noted, at a chronic form of this disease rates of decrease had less expressed character that can be connected with carrying out by mass vaccinal prevention. The carried-out ranged distribution of territories for all forms of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C in the Irkutsk region has allowed to reveal territories of risk.Conclusion.Parenteral viral hepatitises (sharp and chronic forms) are widespread in the territory of the Irkutsk region. From 43 administrative territories of the area, 24 belong to unsuccessful on incidences from which five are to territories of high epidemiological risk: cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk and Ust-Ilimsk and also Katangsky and Shelekhovsky districts.
Aim. To present the comparative clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis C infection and to estimate the effect of antiviral treatment in Caucasian and Mongoloid patients, considering interleukin-28B gene polymorphism in study populations.Methods. Population and genetic study including 1520 healthy subjects and 267 patients with chronic viral hepatitis of Caucasian and Mongoloid race analyzed interleukin-28B gene polymorphism. 433 patients with chronic viral hepatitis C were followed up. Combined antiviral treatment by pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin was administered for 48 weeks. The rates of early and sustained virologic response were the endpoints for assessing antiviral treatment effect. 82 Caucasian patients and 42 Mongoloid patients have completed the full course of antiviral treatment and 24 weeks of follow-up.Results. The following clinical features of chronic hepatitis C were revealed in Mongoloids: more extensive liver fibrosis, older age, longer infection duration and higher total cholesterol levels (due to triglycerides). These factors negate the expected better effect of antiviral therapy effect, associated with higher prevalence of interleukin-28B favorable genotypes in Mongolian population. The presence of the C-allele of rs12979860 gene and T-allele of rs8099917 gene reaches 89.6 and 91.7% respectively in Mongolian population, which is comparable with those in China, Japan and Korea, and is typical for the whole of Asia. Combined treatment with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 of hepatitis C virus led to sustained virologic response in 78.5% of Mongoloid and in 56.1% of Caucasian patients; groups were totally comparable.Conclusion. Mongoloid patients with chronic hepatitis C reached sustained virologic response to antiviral treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin significantly more frequently compared to Caucasians, in cases of no aggravating factors and minimal liver fibrosis.
BACKGROUND: The discovery of a cluster of short non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) has become an important event in molecular biology. One of its representatives, miR-122 plays a large role in regulating the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, and iron metabolism in the body. In experimental studies it was shown that in addition to regulatory functions, miR-122 is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C, providing the life cycle of the virus in the cell. The shift of emphasis in the study of miR-122 from basic research into clinical medicine seems to be a promising area of personalized medicine. AIMS: to determine the clinical significance of miR-122 in acute and chronic hepatitis C and associated hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 407 people were examined, including 17 patients with acute hepatitis C (AHC), 158 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 62 patients with HCC associated with hepatitis C. Comparison groups consisted of 84 healthy individuals and 62 patients with clinically pronounced cirrhosis of a non-infectious etiology. In each cohort, the relative miR-122 level was determined in the blood of patients. The analysis was performed in PCR using the Qubit microRNA Assay Kit -100 for the quantitative determination of microRNAs (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Relative miR-122 expression values were calculated by the formula 2 -CT using U6 snRNA as a reference RNA. RESULTS: The highest miR-122 level in serum was found in patients with AHC at the height of the icteric period. The level of miR-122 showed a direct correlation with the activity of hepatic transaminases in patients with AHC (r = 0.72) and CHC (r = 0.44). An analysis of miR-122 level relative to the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C showed that, as liver fibrosis progresses, the level of miR-122 expression decreases. The decrease in miR-122 expression in patients with severe fibrosis was universal and did not depend on the etiology of the disease. The development of HCC in the presence of chronic hepatitis C was accompanied by a decrease in the level of miR-122 by 10 times on average compared to patients with chronic hepatitis C. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of the expression level of miR-122 in serum can be used in laboratory monitoring of the management of patients with HC as an indicator of the severity of liver damage in AHC and the rate of formation of liver fibrosis in CHC. Evaluation of possibility of using miR-122 as a predictor of the development of HCC in the outcome of HC requires additional studies of the specificity and sensitivity of the test and comparison of the obtained data with the results of using generally accepted protein tumor markers.
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