The aim of this study was to establish clinical significance of oral inflammatory diseases in ischaemic stroke (IS), how aware doctors and nurses are of this problem, and the safety and possibility of performing dental hygiene in patients with acute IS. Materials and methods. We examined 100 patients who had suffered an ischaemic stroke in the internal carotid artery territory within 6 to 48 hours. The efficacy of dental hygiene and the risk of developing chronic oral sepsis were evaluated using the Patient Hygiene Performance Index (PHP) and Chronic Oral Sepsis Risk index (COSR). Quality of life was assessed using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The sociological study included 100 patients with ischaemic stroke, 38 nurses, and 18 neurologists. Results. The severity of IS at study inclusion was 8 (3; 15) points on the NIHSS, while the Barthel Index score was 70 (45; 90) points. The modified Rankin Scale score was 13 points. The PHP index was 2.28 0.05 and the COSR index was 20.13 0.50. The OHIP-14 results (a total score of 28.1 6.8 points) also indicated unsatisfactory quality of dental health. The results of sociological studies revealed low level of awareness regarding dental care during acute IS among doctors. After professional oral care, treatment of oral inflammatory diseases, and removal of significantly damaged teeth, patients with IS had a decrease in the PHP index to 1.17 0.05 and the COSR index to 7.36 0.50, which corresponds to a satisfactory level of dental hygiene by the end of the acute stroke period. The impact of dental health on quality of life parameters as measured by the OHIP-14 scale (22.4 7.2 points) was satisfactory. Conclusion. The most important aspect of early dental care in patients with IS is increasing the quality of oral health.
78 patients with acute ischemic stroke in the first 5 days of the disease и 20 patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases - dyscirculatory encephalopathy and residual stage of ischemic stroke, had examined with cardiorespiratory monitoring. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) was detected in 88% of patients with ischemic stroke, including obstructive (87% of patients) and central (13% of patients) type. In half of the stroke patients, SDB was moderate and severe. The development of central sleep apnea is associated with the severity of acute neurologic symptoms.
We carried out a comparative analysis of the clinical course of acute stroke in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (incl. those with plaques and hemodynamically significant [≥60%] carotid stenosis) was higher in patients with T2DM. With relatively similar baseline brain damage and neurological deficits patients with T2DM had a higher rate of symptom worsening, which leads to poorer outcome. A less favourable post-stroke prognosis was found to be associated with the presence of T2DM, but not with transient changes in glycemic levels. Most patients with T2DM presented with acute stroke showing elevated levels of both plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin, the latter indicating a long period of hyperglycemia preceding the acute cerebrovascular event.
The article outlines aspects of the current state of the problem of the priority choice of an oral anticoagulant for indefinite prevention of stroke and systemic thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. The advantages of direct oral angicoagulants over warfarin are presented, as well as a comparative analysis of the individual characteristics of the main direct oral angicoagulants from the point of view of personification of preventive therapy in accordance with modern treatment standards. The efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulant therapy has been reviewed in terms of the net clinical benefit. Particular attention is paid to the age-related aspects of choosing an anticoagulant for indefinite prophylaxis; an assessment of anticoagulants is presented in accordance with the FORTA concept, which regulates the use of drugs in elderly patients. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated for the choice of an anticoagulant in patients with atrial fibrillation in the most common clinical situations. As a general rule, the choice of a particular drug should be individualized based on risk factors, tolerability, net clinical benefit, patient preference, potential adverse interactions, and other clinical characteristics.
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