В работе рассмотрено техногенное сырье различной природы на предмет получения из него тонкомолотого наполнителя для бетонных смесей, исследовано влияние минерального наполнителя техногенной природы на седиментационные показатели наполненных вяжущих и бетонных смесей на их основе.
In this paper, we substantiate approaches to the transition to clinker-free binders and building composites with their use to replace resource-intensive cement, at least in those areas of construction where its high technical functional properties are not needed. The optimal formulations and properties of alkaline activation binders based on mineral powders are revealed and the theoretical foundations of the formation of the structure and strength of cement stone based on an alkaline activator are revealed. The results of the studies are of practical value for the construction industry, as the obtained formulations of clinker-free cements will partially replace expensive and energy-intensive Portland cement in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. This work was carried out as part of research on the implementation of scientific project No. 05.607.21.0320. “The development of technology for new building composites on clinkerless alkaline binders using substandard natural and secondary raw materials” that received support from the Federal target program “Research and development in priority areas for the development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014–2020”.
Objectives Development of compositions filled with binders based on recycled materials for monolithic high-strength concrete.Method The research methods adopted in the work are based on the theoretical principles and laws of designing and optimizing polydisperse multicomponent systems, the phase and structure formation of clinker minerals, the logic of mathematical calculations, the technological features of the structure formation of composite masses, the theoretical principles of controlling the rheological processes of mixes. All experimental data presented in the work were obtained according to the methods of current regulatory documents (GOST, recommendations, etc.).Result The paper provides an analysis of the experience of using recycled materials in the form of products of demolition of buildings and structures, the technology for producing secondary raw materials for concrete on their basis. Formulations filled with binders with an activity of 60-71 MPa with finely dispersed mineral fillers from concrete scrap and brick combat with a ratio of 70:30%, respectively, were developed and investigated.Conclusion The optimal formulations of highly mobile concrete mixtures were designed using local natural and technogenic raw materials with a grade of P5 cone sediment and persistence for more than 8 hours to obtain high-strength classes of compressive strength up to B60-B80 with unique operational properties.
Научная статья посвящена проблеме осмысления вопросов, связанных с государственным строительством в СССР на принципах реализации ленинской национальной политики. Исследуется основа национального вопроса, ставшего ключевым в политико-правовой платформе при создании СССР в начале ХХ в. В статье предпринята попытка обозначить значение реализации национальной политики при создании советской государственности советских автономий Дагестана и Чечни, отметивших в 2021-2022 гг. столетние юбилеи со дня образования их государственности. Дана оценка первой конституции ЧИАССР 1937 г., которая закрепила автономный статус и определила её дальнейшее государственно-правовое развитие региона в рамках советского права. Abstract. The scientific article is devoted to the problem of understanding issues related to state building in the USSR on the principles of implementing the Leninist national policy. The basis of the national question, which became the key in the political and legal platform during the creation of the USSR at the beginning of the 20th century, is explored. The article attempts to indicate the importance of the implementation of national policy in the creation of the Soviet statehood of the Soviet autonomies of Dagestan and Chechnya, which celebrated in 2021-2022 centennial anniversaries of the formation of their statehood. An assessment is given of the first constitution of the CHIASSR of 1937, which secured the autonomous status and determined the further state and legal development of the region within the framework of Soviet law.
Objectives Development of optimal recipes of concrete mixtures using local natural raw materials in the form of gravel-sand mixtures from deposits of the Chechen Republic.Method The research methods adopted in the work are based on the theoretical principles and laws of designing and optimizing polydisperse multicomponent systems, the phase and structure formation of clinker minerals, the logic of mathematical calculations, the technological features of the structure formation of composite masses, the theoretical principles of controlling the rheological processes of mixes. All experimental data presented in the work were obtained according to the methods of current regulatory documents (GOST, recommendations, etc.).Result The paper presents the results of a study of the composition and properties of sand and gravel mixtures of deposits of the Chechen Republic and concretes based on them. In particular, the granulometric and chemical compositions and the physicomechanical properties of sand and gravel mixtures have been studied. An analysis of the scientific literature and experience in the use of sand and gravel in construction. The leading scientific schools of the country and abroad in the field of concrete science are presented. The rheological indices of concrete mixes were studied and the dynamics of the curing of concrete of different classes were obtained on the basis of unfortified sand and gravel mixtures in the presence of a chemical additive, the superplasticizer Polyplast SP-1.Conclusion It is proposed to use sand-gravel in its natural form in concrete for non-critical structures in its natural form without additional costs for enriching its composition. The feasibility of obtaining low-grade concrete with the use of sand and gravel mixtures without its enrichment and fractionation is established.
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