Introduction xxi Understanding disability 1 What is disability? 3 Environment 4 The diversity of disability 7 Prevention 8 Disability and human rights 9 Disability and development Disability -a global picture Measuring disability Prevalence of disability -difficulties in functioning Country-reported disability prevalence 25 Global estimates of disability prevalence 25 Health conditions Trends in health conditions associated with disability 32 Demographics Older persons Children 36 The environment Health conditions are affected by environmental factors 37 Disability and poverty Developed countries 39 Developing countries 39 Needs for services and assistance Costs of disability Direct costs of disability Indirect costs Conclusion and recommendations Adopt the ICF Improve national disability statistics Improve the comparability of data Develop appropriate tools and fill the research gaps General health care Understanding the health of people with disabilities Primary health conditions Risk of developing secondary conditions Risk of developing co-morbid conditions Greater vulnerability to age-related conditions Increased rates of health risk behaviours Greater risk of being exposed to violence Higher risk of unintentional injury Higher risk of premature death Needs and unmet needs Addressing barriers to health care Reforming policy and legislation Addressing barriers to financing and affordability Addressing barriers to service delivery Addressing human resource barriers Filling gaps in data and research Conclusion and recommendations Policy and legislation Financing and affordability Service delivery Human resources Data and research Rehabilitation Understanding rehabilitation Rehabilitation measures and outcomes Rehabilitation medicine Therapy Assistive technologies Rehabilitation settings Needs and unmet needs Addressing barriers to rehabilitation Reforming policies, laws, and delivery systems National rehabilitation plans and improved collaboration Developing funding mechanisms for rehabilitation v Increasing human resources for rehabilitation Expanding education and training Training existing health-care personnel in rehabilitation Building training capacity Curricula content Recruiting and retaining rehabilitation personnel Expanding and decentralizing service delivery Coordinated multidisciplinary rehabilitation Community-delivered services Increasing the use and affordability of technology Assistive devices Telerehabilitation Expanding research and evidence-based practice Information and good practice guidelines Research, data, and information Conclusion and recommendations Policies and regulatory mechanisms Financing Human resources Service delivery Technology Research and evidence-based practice Assistance and support Understanding assistance and support When are assistance and support required? Needs and unmet needs Social and demographic factors affecting demand and supply Consequences for caregivers of unmet need for formal support services Provision of assistance and support Barriers to assistance and s...
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