Irkutsk region is among territories of intense industrial development. Considerable part of the regional population is long exposed to chemical pollutants of environmental objects. Th e authors evaluated carcinogenic risk for the population of industrial centers and rural area. Findings are that maximal carcinogenic risk is carried by the urban population. Aggregated carcinogenic risk parameters evaluation proved inhalation to be a priority route of exposure. Irkutsk region appeared to have territories with high carcinogenic risk for public health. Among a list of chemicals in the ambient air are priority carcinogens: six-valent chromium and lead. The evidences necessitate measures on the risks minimization. Due to absent data on carcinogens content of drinkable water in some rural area, the necessity is to evaluate risk for the rural population by studies of drinkable water quality that does not match hygienic regulations, because oral one is a main route of carcinogens intake.
The article studies the category of risk caused by uncertainty of external and internal environment, which exists in the work of any organization during its life cycle. The author analyzes the hypothesis that understanding risk not only as a threat but also as an opportunity has a great potential for the development of the enterprise. The idea and use of the uncertainty factor are discussed from the point of view of prospects of raising the organization efficiency. Specific features of the process of decision-making in uncertainty conditions are identified. Special attention is paid to the impact of subjective parameters on the process of risk management, including individual characteristics of people responsible for decision -making in conditions of risk, such as the desire to reach success and wish to avoid failure, personal attitude to risk, inclination to team or individual decision-making, a degree of responsibility, etc. In conclusion the author proves the idea that risk itself is not a hazard for the organization but an assessment of possibility to attain the result corresponding to the goal, including a positive one.
Introduction. Aim: Comprehensive assessment of the health losses of children and adolescents of the Irkutsk region. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of primary morbidity and disability in the territories of the Irkutsk region was carried out according to official statistical reports for 5 years. To identify similar indices of primary morbidity and disability by disease classes in the context of the territories of the Irkutsk region, cluster analysis methods (hierarchical, k-means) were used. Results. Prosperous territories were established to include clusters formed by rural settlements. The cluster with a high level of primary morbidity and primary disability of children and adolescents was revealed to be formed by industrial centers. The structure of classes of diseases is dominated by diseases of the respiratory system, injuries, eyes, and its appendage apparatus. In the structure of primary disability, the leading places are occupied by classes of mental disorders, congenital developmental malformations, diseases of the nervous, endocrine system. Changes in the prevalence of primary morbidity and disability in children and adolescents are assessed as moderate in the territories: Usolye-Sibirskoye, Svirsk Tulun and 6 rural areas (Nizhneudinsky, Shelekhovsky, Kazachinsko-Lensky, Bayandaevsky, Mamsky-Chuysky). Conclusions. Using the methods of multivariate cluster analysis revealed the territory of the Irkutsk region, unfavorable in terms of indices and trends of primary morbidity and primary disability. The conducted studies have identified priority areas for treatment and prevention activities aimed at reducing the comprehensive loss of health of children and adolescents.
The review discusses trends in using of microsatellite markers for evaluation of the genetic diversity in European spruce populations. A brief historical outline of SSR marker appearance, development and using for population genetic studies of spruce species is given. The characteristics of groups of the most frequently used microsatellite markers of spruce are recited. The principles of the development of microsatellite multiplexes are described. The published multiplexes of microsatellite markers proposed for estimation of the genetic variability of European spruce are listed. Positive properties and disadvantages of a number of proposed multiplexes and individual loci are noted. Microsatellites from expressed sequence tags (EST-SSR) are highly-valued and they allow us to reveal the genetic diversity in functionally important parts of the genome. EST-SSRs and chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSRs) are characterized by a lower mutation rate than nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) from genomic libraries and they can be more easily applied for related tree species studies. Several kinds of multiplexes containing two or three pairs of WS EST-SSR primers are published. The loci WS0023.B03, WS0022.B15, WS0016.O09, WS0092.A19, WS0073.H08, WS00111.K13, WS0092.M15 developed by D. Rungis and co-authors are the most popular.Despite the fact that a large number of multiplexes of nuclear microsatellites have been published, the analysis of presented data shows that the SSR-marker panels are still in the testing stage and are not ready-made recommended tools for spruce population studies. The optimizing of the panels of microsatellite markers, specifying the composition and the number of loci suitable for assessing the genetic diversity of European spruce remains relevant at the moment. Применение микросателлитных маркеров для оценки генетического разнообразия ели европейскойПрименение микросателлитных маркеров для оценки генетического разнообразия ели европейской Г.В. Калько, М.В. Кузьмина В обзоре обсуждаются тенденции в использовании микросателлитных маркеров для оценки генетического разнообразия ели европейской. Дан краткий исторический экскурс их появления, разработки и использования для популяционно-генетических исследований видов елей. Приведена характеристика групп наиболее часто употребляемых микросателлитных маркеров ели. Описаны принципы формирования микросателлитных панелей. Перечислены опубликованные мультиплексы микросателлитных маркеров, предлагаемые для оценки генетической изменчивости ели европейской. Отмечены положительные свойства и недостатки ряда предлагаемых мультиплексов и отдельных локусов. Микросателлитные маркеры из транкрибируемых областей (EST-SSR) ценны тем, что выявляют генетическое разнообразие в функционально значимых частях генома. EST-SSR и хлоропластные микросателлиты (cpSSR) характеризуются меньшей скоростью мутирования, чем ядерные микросателлиты (nSSR), разработанные с применением метода геномных библиотек, и их с большей легкостью можно использовать на родственных видах древесных пород. Наибо...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.