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A comparative study was made of the sequence of the GBSS1 gene fragment in accessions of closely related species Elymus margaritae, E. komarovii, and E. transbaicalensis from Siberia. Nucleotide sequences of the gene were determined for St subgenomes in accessions of E. margaritae and E. komarovii from classical habitats. The StH-genomic constitution was confirmed, and microevolutionary relationships between species were evaluated by constructing the NJ dendrogram. It was shown that variants of the St subgenomes in accessions E. margaritae GUK-1009 and E. komarovii AUK-9803 belong to the North American ancestral line St2 of the genus Pseudoroegneria, in contrast to accessions E. margaritae AUK-0650 and E. komarovii GAR-0501. The latter belong to the Asian branch of St1, together with variants of subgenomes in the species E. gmelinii and E. pendulinus. That is, according to the differentiation levels of the St subgenome, accession E. margaritae GUK-1009 (holotype) is significantly distanted from the accession AUK-0650 (paratype), which in turn is close to accessions of E. komarovii and E. transbaicalensis from East Sayan. According to levels of differentiation of the H subgenome, the studied species did not show noticeable differences.

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The trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) in fresh leaves in Hedysarum alpinum L., H. flavescens Regel & Schmalh. and H. theinum Krasnob. in Central Siberian Botanical Garden Siberian Branch Russian Academy Science (CSBG SB RAS, in the foreststeppe of Western Siberia) was investigated in the vegetative phase of seasonal development. Trypsin inhibitors (PR-6 proteins) play the role of immunity factors, since under various influences on plants, the genes encoding the production of this group of substances are activated. They are synthesized in different plant organs, and are necessary for plant control with biotic and abiotic stresses. TIA in the species was characterized by low (< 20 mg/g dry weight) and medium (≥ 20 mg/g dry weight) values, as we identified. It was found that the TIA values vary at a high and very high degree when determining in fresh leaves, and in the study in dry leaf flour - to medium degree. The preservation of TIA values in the species in the dried leaves is shown. On the basis of this fact, the possibility of studying TIA in these species in dried leaves is justified.

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A comparative study of taxa that are morphologically close to Elymus caninus, occurring in the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan, was carried out based on the ISSR molecular fingerprints. Data showed that the studied taxa are groups of individuals phylogenetically closely related to E. caninus. The assumption is confirmed that E. viridiglumis, as an Elymus species, has a polyphyletic origin as a part of microevolutionary processes in populations E. caninus s. l., possibly involving E. mutabilis. For the Caucasian endemic E. prokudinii and Kazakhstan endemic E. goloskokovii, the origin as result of introgression or spontaneous mutagenesis, i.e. a manifestation of the natural intraspecific polymorphism of E. caninus, is also assumed.

Reproductive relationships between species of the genus Elymus (Poaceae) from mixed populations of the Southern Urals were studied. The true hybrids were identified by using ISSR-markers in comparison with parental biotypes. The presence in the true hybrids of species-specific ISSR-bands from both parental forms is provided by high level of homozygosity of species in genus Elymus, as a result of predominant self-pollination.