No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) in fresh leaves in Hedysarum alpinum L., H. flavescens Regel & Schmalh. and H. theinum Krasnob. in Central Siberian Botanical Garden Siberian Branch Russian Academy Science (CSBG SB RAS, in the foreststeppe of Western Siberia) was investigated in the vegetative phase of seasonal development. Trypsin inhibitors (PR-6 proteins) play the role of immunity factors, since under various influences on plants, the genes encoding the production of this group of substances are activated. They are synthesized in different plant organs, and are necessary for plant control with biotic and abiotic stresses. TIA in the species was characterized by low (< 20 mg/g dry weight) and medium (≥ 20 mg/g dry weight) values, as we identified. It was found that the TIA values vary at a high and very high degree when determining in fresh leaves, and in the study in dry leaf flour - to medium degree. The preservation of TIA values in the species in the dried leaves is shown. On the basis of this fact, the possibility of studying TIA in these species in dried leaves is justified.

Background. Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA) is one of the factors of plant immunity. This factor provides the presence of general non-specific systemic resistance. Representatives of the genus Hedysarum L. are promising medicinal and high-protein fodder plants with high TIA in the leaves. High TIA values in the aboveground part of plants lead to a decrease in protein assimilation by animals. Therefore, identifying the differentiation in the features of TIA seasonal dynamics will make it possible to use the potential of these species most effectively under the conditions of Southern Siberia.Materials and methods. TIA in the leaves of mature generative plants of Hedysarum theinum Krasnob. and H. flavescens Regel & Schmalh. was analyzed. H. theinum is a rare species for Siberia; H. flavescens is a settled one in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The studies were conducted with H. theinum in 2010 under natural conditions (Altai Republic) and in cultivation (forest zone of Western Siberia). In 2017, H. theinum and H. flavescens were studied under cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The research method was based on the spectrophotometric measurement of the optical density in protein substrate (BAPA) decomposition products under the effect of trypsin (at 405 nm). Bovine trypsin manufactured by ISNBiomedical (USA) was used. BAPA (Na -benzoyl-DL-argininep-nitroanilide) served as a substrate.Conclusions. The TIA values in the flowering phase of seasonal plant development reached their maximum only under favorable conditions: in Altai Republic for the leaves of H. theinum, and in the foreststeppe zone of Western Siberia for H. flavescens. TIA values in H. theinum did not increase during flowering in the forest zone of Western Siberia and significantly decreased in the forest steppe. In view of these findings, these two species may be recommended for practical utilization in this phase of seasonal development.

No abstract

Superior/CAPES (finance code 001) to the first author, and financial support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/CNPq (Project "História filogenética e fatores bióticos associados ao endemismo restrito em Angiospermas do Cerrado"/428673/2016-3) to the last author.

Several species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (elephant grass) characterized by a high rate of growth of the aboveground vegetative mass are currently in the focus of attention due to their high practical application as a source of bioethanol and cellulose. The main goals of this study were: (1) molecular genetic identification and (2) histochemical analysis of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. species in the collection of Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS in order to identify the most perspective and technically valuable individuals. To study the collection of Miscanthus samples, a multi-disciplinary approach was applied. To collect the samples of different species from native habitats, traditional systematic and geobotanical methods (comparative morphological and phytocenological) were used. According to the results of the ISSR-analysis, 16 samples of three Miscanthus species were divided into two clades: Sinensis and Sacchariflorus, the former including two subclades. For the samples of M. purpurascens_I and II, a hybrid origin of this species was confirmed by ISSR data. The molecular data obtained from the study allowed us to hypothesize that the samples involved in the subclade I of the Sinensis clade could be used as donors of resistance to adverse environments, and the samples of the subclade II, as donors of high biomass productivity. Based on histochemical analysis, sclerenchyma cells were characterized by the most lignin-rich thickened membranes, so the most appropriate direction in Miscanthus selection should be based on identification and using less lignin-containing samples.