In narcotized rats, beta-adrenoceptor blockers changed all parameters of heart rate variability indicating up-regulation of parasympathetic activity and down-regulation of the sympathetic one. In immobilized awake rats, the temporal and geometrical parameters varied similarly, while spectral analysis indicated possible activation of other neurohumoral mechanisms against the background of beta-blocker treatment.
Organic farming is aimed at providing the population with high-quality safe agricultural products and preserving the ecological well-being of agrocenoses and adjacent territories. The implementation of this project is currently associated with a number of problems, for the solution of which educational institutions must train qualified personnel. The authors investigated the aspects of chemical training of specialists necessary for the development of organic farming. The article considers three groups of specialties: 1) farm specialists working with soil and plants (agronomists, soil scientists, ecologists); 2) specialists engaged in product processing (food production technologists, medicinal and essential oil raw materials technologists, biotechnologists, etc.); 3) specialists of laboratories for quality control of raw materials and finished products. Analysis of the labor functions of specialists, the goals and objectives of organic farming, as well as the experience of cooperation of the Department of Chemistry of the Russian State Agricultural University-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev with agricultural farms for the implementation of organic technology, showed that the most important components of chemical education are as follows: 1) basic chemical training that allows to understand and manage the dynamic processes occurring in the agrosphere; 2) modern instrumental methods of analysis necessary for quality and safety control of raw materials and products, agrochemical diagnostics of soils and water sources; environmental monitoring to assess the impact of agriculture on soil fertility; research activities; evaluation of processing, storage, packaging methods. Laboratory specialists should have the competence to perform physico-chemical determinations of test samples. Other groups of specialists should know the purpose of the methods, be able to interpret the results of determinations. The article presents educational programs of different levels (bachelor’s, master’s, qualification enhancement), which allow to form the necessary chemical competencies.
We studied the effects of three various angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (enalapril, lisinopril and quinapril) on heart rhythm variability in anesthetized and immobilized rats. In all cases (except for quinapril in experiments on anesthetized animals), the preparations reduced the total rhythm variability and, according to spectrum analysis, increased activity of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system to different degrees and decreased sympathetic tone. Quinapril and lisinopril produced the most pronounced influence on heart rhythm in anesthetized rats; enalapril was less potent in this respect. In immobilized animals, quinapril and enalapril showed the greatest activity and lisinopril the lowest. The more pronounced effect of quinapril both under anesthesia and during immobilization appears to be linked to the highest affinity of quinaprilat to circulatory and tissue compartments of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Часто недержание мочи пос ле выполнения радикальной простатэктомии (РПЭ) регистрируют в первые 2-6 мес после оперативного вмешательства. В целях сокращения периода инконтиненции разработаны и усовершенствованы различные хирургические методы, направленные на сохранение и восстановление структур, участвующих в механизме удержания мочи. Цель работы-оценить эффективность применения оригинального метода формирования уретроцистоанастомоза в раннем восстановлении функции удержания мочи.
The VHL gene is often inactivated in sporadic clear cell renal cancer (CCRC) due to somatic mutations, and its germline mutations cause hereditary CCRC: von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Localization of mutations in VHL, identification of new mutations, and their influence on CCRC progression and sensi tivity to targeted therapy are topical problems in modern oncogenetics. In the current work, we identified and characterized mutations in 248 primary CCRCs using SSCP analysis and sequencing. Somatic mutations were detected in 37.5% of samples, with 72% of mutations identified for the first time. New missense muta tions were analyzed by alignment programs and three dimensional structure modeling. Mutation frequency was compared in different groups of patients with respect to stage, grade, and metastases. It was demonstrated that 39.1% of samples of stage I harbored somatic mutations; however, no association with progression or metastases was found. We also investigated localization of mutations in the VHL coding part and positions of missense mutations and inframe deletions/insertions, focusing on VHL critical sequences. The VHL muta tion analysis performed in this study expands the opportunities of laboratory diagnostics of familial and spo radic CCRC.
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