Aim. To study the relationship of psychosocial stress with the social environment, lifestyle and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in middle-aged men.Material and methods. A total of 301 men aged 41-44 years were examined. The study included a clinical examination and a survey using a standard questionnaire. The categorization of CVD risk factors (RF) was carried out in accordance with generally accepted criteria. The psychosocial stress was assessed using the Reeder scale. Depending on the psychosocial stress level, all surveyed men were divided into 3 groups by tertiles: group 1 (3,28-4,0 points) — mild stress, group 2 (2,71-3,14) — moderate stress, group 3 (1,28-2,57) — severe stress.Results. More than half (53,5%) of males had manifestations of psychosocial stress, while 9% had a mild stress. With an increase in stress severity, the prevalence of hypertension increased and was significantly higher in men with a severe stress compared with their peers with mild stress (45,7% vs 31,7%; p=0,045). A significant linear trend was revealed between the levels of PSS and indicators of sedentary behavior. The strongest linear relationship was found between the psychosocial stress level and vital exhaustion (VE). The level of VE, stress at work, satisfaction with government performance and the level of family happiness are independent determinants of psychosocial stress level, and explain 33,1% of its variability. The proportion of the variance of psychosocial stress, uniquely explained by VE, is 20,8%, the absence of stress at work — 8,0%, satisfaction with government performance — 3,5% and the level of family happiness — 2,0%.Conclusion. A high level of psychosocial stress in middle-aged men is associated with hypertension, sedentary lifestyle and lower values of most indicators of the social environment, lifestyle and quality of life. This must be taken into account along with other behavioral and psychosocial risk factors for noncommunicable diseases when developing population-based programs.
1 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия; 2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия В течение последних нескольких десятилетий среди исследователей растет обеспокоенность состоянием здоровья учителей, связанным с их профессиональной деятельностью. Цель исследования -изучить взаимосвязи профессионального выгорания (ПВ) учителей с их отношением к собственному здоровью и здоровому образу жизни. Материал и методы. Были обследованы 317 учителей (26 мужчин и 291 женщина). В программу входило медицинское обследование, экспресс-диагностика уровня стресса (L. Reeder), диагностика уровня эмоционального выгорания по опроснику В.В. Бойко, опрос по анкете, включавшей социально-демографический блок и вопросы об отношении к здоровью. Результаты. Анализ самооценки состояния здоровья учителей показал, что 23% женщин и 35% мужчин оценивают свое здоровье как «хорошее» и «очень хорошее», 70% женщин и 62% мужчин -как удовлетворительное, остальные -как плохое. С возрастанием уровня выгорания самооценка здоровья снижалась. Результаты показали низкий уровень физической активности учителей, несоблюдение режима труда и отдыха, неумение управлять своими эмоциями и правильно справляться со стрессом, низкую компетентность в вопросах правильного питания и наличие вредных привычек (курение и употребление алкоголя). В группе женщин с увеличением ПВ растет число лиц, злоупотребляющих алкоголем. У женщин статистически достоверно установлено снижение регулярной физической активности с увеличением уровня ПВ. Заключение. Результаты показывают, что ПВ оказывает неблагоприятное влияние на самооценку здоровья, отношение к здоровью и поведение, направленное на здоровый образ жизни. Для предупреждения ПВ рекомендуется разработать комплекс профилактических мероприятий.Ключевые слова: профессиональное выгорание, стресс, здоровый образ жизни, здоровье.Over the past few decades, there has been growing concern among researchers about the health status of teachers due to their professional activities. Objective -to investigate the relationship of professional burnout (PB) in teachers towards their attitude to their own health and healthy lifestyle. Subject and methods. A total of 317 teachers (26 men and 291 women) were examined. The program encompassed a medical examination, rapid diagnosis of the stress level (L. Reeder), diagnosis of the level of emotional exhaustion (burnout) according to the questionnaire designed by V.V. Boiko, and a survey using the questionnaire that included a sociodemographic unit and questions about health attitudes. Results. Analysis of the teachers' health self-assessment showed that 23% of women and 35% of men rated their health as good and very good; 70% of women and 62% of men regarded as satisfactory; and the remaining considered as bad. Health self-assessment decreased with higher levels of burnout. The results showed a low level of physical activ...
The objective of our study was to assess the impact of regional living conditions on the Russian population’s mental health. For the analysis, we used data from the cross-sectional stage of a 2013–2014 study, “Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation (ESSE-RF)”. The final sample included 18,021 men and women 25–64 years of age from 11 regions of Russia. Using principal component analysis, we performed an integral simultaneous assessment of stress, anxiety, and depression. To describe the regional living conditions, we utilized five regional indices, which were computed from publicly available data of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia. Overall, mental health indicators were improved, on the one hand, with the deterioration of social conditions and an aggravation of the demographic depression in the region, but on the other hand, they were improved with an increase in economic and industrial development, along with economic inequality among the population. In addition, the impact of regional living conditions on mental health increased with a higher individual wealth. The obtained results provided new fundamental knowledge on the impact of the living environment on health, using the case study of the Russian population, which has been little studied in this regard.
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