The methane-hydrogen fraction is a gaseous hydrocarbon by-product during oil processing for obtaining petroleum products. Until recently, the methane-hydrogen fraction was used as furnace oil in internal technological processes at a refinery. Some of the low-calorie methane-hydrogen fraction was burned in flares. Driven by the prospect of the methane-hydrogen fraction use as a fuel alternative to natural gas for burning in thermal power plants boilers, it became necessary to study the methane-hydrogen fraction combustion processes in large volumes. The conversion of ON-1000/1 and ON-1000/2 furnaces from the combustion of the methane- hydrogen fraction with combustion heat of 25.45 MJ/m3 to the combustion of the composition with combustion heat of 18.8 MJ/m3 leads to a decrease in temperature in the flame core for 100 °C as an average. The intensity of flame radiation on the radiant tubes decreases. Therefore, the operation of furnaces during combustion of methane-hydrogen fraction with a low heat of combustion at the gas oil hydro-treating unit is carried out only with a fresh catalyst, which allows lower flame temperatures in the burner.The experiments to determine the concentration of nitrogen oxides NOx and the burning rate w of the methane-hydrogen fraction in the ON-1000/1 furnace and natural gas in the TGM-84A boiler, depending upon the heat of combustion Qnr were carried out. The obtained results showed that the increase in the hydrogen content Н2 from 10.05 % to 18.36% (by mass) results in an increase in the burning rate w by 45%. The burning rate of natural gas with methane CH4 content of 98.89% in the TGM-84A boiler is 0.84 m/s, i.e. it is 2.5 times lower than the burning rate of the methane- hydrogen fraction with H2 content of 10.05%. The distributions of heat flux from the flame qf over the burner height h in the TGM-84A boiler were obtained in case of natural gas burning and calculation of burning of the methane-hydrogen fraction with a hydrogen content of 10.05% and methane of 28.27%. The comparison of the obtained data shows that burning of methane- hydrogen fraction causes an increase in the incident heat flux qf at the outlet of the burner.
The article presents the results of experimental research of efficiency of fuel oil combustion in power boilers at TPPs with different layout of burners at different steam loads. Given the values of efficiency of boilers and of emissions of nitrogen oxides when burning fuel oil. The efficiency of using bunk steel counter arrangement of burners.
The difficulties of burning the watered fuel oil used at the TPP as a reserve fuel for boilers are associated with its preparation by heating to reduce viscosity and the choice of a method of spraying with nozzles into the combustion zone. The quality of the preparation of fuel oil for combustion affecting the boiler efficiency is estimated by the length of the flame, the presence of burning large particles of fuel oil, the injection of coke and unburned particles onto screen and other heat-receiving surfaces. One of the ways to prepare fuel oil for combustion is cavitation treatment, which results in an emulsion consisting of fine micronsized particles. Heating of fuel oil particles after the nozzle in contact with the combustion zone is due to the flow of radiation from the burning torch. Therefore, in this article, the values of the flux density from the torch during the combustion of fuel oil are experimentally determined. The influence of particle size on the burning rate of the fuel oil M100 with the different density of the thermal radiation of the flame. It is found that the effect of cavitation treatment of fuel oil on the combustion rate is most significantly manifested in particle sizes less than 10 microns. For this purpose, the use of hydrodynamic cavitators are preferred at high fuel oil consumption rate.
So far rather large number of torches for chamber combustion of gaseous fuel differing among themselves on the nature of gas-distribution for mixture of fuel with air is known. For domestic oil-gas torches of power coppers their unification as combustion of fuels is characteristic, that is heat of combustion of the burned fuel can change in quite wide limits. Moreover, directly in use on thermal power plant their reconstruction is made for reduction of length of a torch, achievement of uniform radiation of a torch, change of local values of temperatures of a torch or reduction of their maximum values. As a rule, the detailed researches received after reconstruction of these torches are not conducted. Foreign torches are designed and made on combustion of fuel of a concrete type with the set heat of combustion. At the same time the main role for increase in efficiency is assigned to computer regulation of a ratio of fuel and air, gas-distribution - central tubular. Except high cost, the difficulty of application of foreign torches for domestic power coppers is connected with adaptation of automatic equipment of these torches to the system of automation of domestic coppers. Therefore for domestic coppers one of the directions them modernization for the purpose of increase in efficiency is reconstruction of schemes of gas-distribution in the existing torches. In this article the efficiency of application of peripheral tubular gas-distribution in comparison with the combined peripheral tubular gas-distribution combined with conic central gas-distribution when using as the main tagentsialny peripheral twist of air is investigated. These schemes of gas-distribution are applied in coppers of TGM-84A of the Kazan TES-3 and the Nizhnekamsk TES-1 on which experiments on identification of efficiency of these types of gas-distribution for combustion of natural gas of the Urengoy field are made.
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