The necessary intensity of burning and completeness of fuel burning out in furnace volume are reached by the correct supply organization and the subsequent mixture of fuel with secondary air that is provided with burner devices. Experimental research of fuel oil and gas combustion efficiency in boiler furnaces of thermal power plant has shown that, the peripheral axial twist executed in the form of two channels with axial scapular air rotator is preferable. The combined gas supply is perspective: tubular peripheral and pilot central. For fuel oil combustion at large expenses the most effective burning is reached due to application of steam-mechanical nozzles which main lack is the considerable length of a torch. The two-tiered arrangement of burners in boiler at combustion of gas and fuel oil is more effective, in comparison with single-tier, both at the counter direction, and at unilateral frontal. For increasing the efficiency of combustion of fuel at some burners types in a boiler furnace the ascending vertical rotation of a torch can be created by the asymmetrical counter arrangement of burners of the first and second tiers. Use of the smoke exhauster of gases recirculation for reduction of harmful emissions of nitrogen oxides with boilers flue gases gives bigger effect in comparison with optimization of the choice of a layout arrangement of burners and parameter of a twist.
The object of the study is the water supply and sanitation system of an industrial enterprise. Currently, many enterprises do not use the treated industrial waste water in the water supply cycle. Therefore, the use of treated wastewater is of practical importance. The scheme of thermal treatment of waste water for obtaining pure condensate by evaporation is proposed. The main results of the study are the technical solution for the development of the enterprise's wastewater treatment complex. Pure condensate is obtained in an instant boiling evaporator. The research method is based on the calculation of energy costs in wastewater treatment for different types of waste water. The results of the study allow us to determine the optimal set of energy equipment for obtaining pure condensate and its further use. The specific practical significance lies in the development of a technical solution that helps the treatment of wastewater and the reduction of emissions into the water basin.
The efficiency of fuel combustion in power boilers of thermal power plants largely depends on the layout of the burners in the combustion chamber, on their number and unit capacity. An important condition for the efficiency of the selected combustion mode is the absence of a torch surge from the combustion products onto the screen heating surfaces of the furnace. To prevent the formation of large amounts of harmful emissions of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, the necessary requirement for burning fuels is to reduce the local values of the flame temperature in the volume of the furnace. The use of powerful burners in power boilers, with a decrease in their number, leads to an increase in the length of the torch and, with their frontal arrangement, gives a torch thrust onto the rear screen. The article presents the results of an experimental trail of the efficiency of gas burning in the direct-flow supercritical boiler TGMP-204HL of the Surgut GRES-2 PJSC UNIPRO when it is operating on 24 burners at various steam loads. The values of the efficiency of boilers, emissions of nitrogen oxides and the distribution of the radiation intensity of combustion products along the height of the furnace are given. Comparison of the obtained results on efficiency and emissions of nitrogen oxides with the data of the TGMP-204HL boiler using 36 burners is carried out.
The article presents the results of experimental research of efficiency of fuel oil combustion in power boilers at TPPs with different layout of burners at different steam loads. Given the values of efficiency of boilers and of emissions of nitrogen oxides when burning fuel oil. The efficiency of using bunk steel counter arrangement of burners.
The difficulties of burning the watered fuel oil used at the TPP as a reserve fuel for boilers are associated with its preparation by heating to reduce viscosity and the choice of a method of spraying with nozzles into the combustion zone. The quality of the preparation of fuel oil for combustion affecting the boiler efficiency is estimated by the length of the flame, the presence of burning large particles of fuel oil, the injection of coke and unburned particles onto screen and other heat-receiving surfaces. One of the ways to prepare fuel oil for combustion is cavitation treatment, which results in an emulsion consisting of fine micronsized particles. Heating of fuel oil particles after the nozzle in contact with the combustion zone is due to the flow of radiation from the burning torch. Therefore, in this article, the values of the flux density from the torch during the combustion of fuel oil are experimentally determined. The influence of particle size on the burning rate of the fuel oil M100 with the different density of the thermal radiation of the flame. It is found that the effect of cavitation treatment of fuel oil on the combustion rate is most significantly manifested in particle sizes less than 10 microns. For this purpose, the use of hydrodynamic cavitators are preferred at high fuel oil consumption rate.
At present, natural gas of the Urengoyskoye field is burned in boilers of thermal power plants (TPP) to generate electricity. At the same time, refineries and petrochemical plants deepen the processing of fossil liquid hydrocarbons. The final product of processing is not only motor fuels, ethylene glycols, plastics, accompanying inert gases such as argon, but also a large amount of combustible secondary gaseous mixtures of the methane series. These mixtures contain a wide array of combustible components. Among them there is the methane-hydrogen fraction, which is characterized by a fairly high hydrogen content. A distinctive feature of the use of hydrogen as a fuel is the high rate of flame propagation and the relatively low heat of combustion [1, p.6-8]. The methane-hydrogen fraction due to the volatility of the composition and a wide range of changes in the heat of combustion was recently used in refineries for their own needs as an insignificant additive to combusted natural gas in process furnaces [2][3][4][5]. If the methane-hydrogen fraction was not utilized as a fuel in these furnaces, it was burned in flares. Due to the increase in oil refining volumes and the increase in the amount of methane-hydrogen fraction produced, it became realistic to use this gaseous fraction as the main fuel for power boilers of thermal power plants located near petrochemical plants. In the near future, it is planned to use the methane-hydrogen fraction as an additive to the natural gas for 20 power steam boilers of the Nizhnekamsk CHP-1 with a total thermal capacity of 6000 MW. The supplier of the methane-hydrogen fraction is the TAIF NK oil refineries. Depending on the technology of oil refining, the hydrogen content in the methane-hydrogen fraction ranges from 10 to 27% (by weight). The concentration limits of hydrogen ignition in a mixture with air have been experimentally studied by many researchers [6-8] mainly during bench testing or inside laboratories. A feature of the oxidation of hydrogen by air oxygen is the fact that there is a difference between the spread of the flame in limited volumes and in large volumes of the furnace space of energy boilers [9]. In small volumes, when the flame front collides with the wall, oxidation reactions are interrupted, and this does not occur in large volumes. Therefore, the study of flame propagation speed and concentration limits of ignition of methanehydrogen fractions mixed with air in relation to the conditions of furnace volumes of power boilers is relevant. In this work using the in-house software [2-5] calculations were made to determine the burning rate for various compositions of mixtures of methane-hydrogen fractions (MHF) with Urengoi natural gas. It was found that the flame propagation rate of the MHF, compared with hydrogen (see Table 2), decreases 1.76 times. For a mixture of the MHF with Urengoi gas with thermal fractions of the MHF of 12% and 25%, the flame propagation rate increases, respectively, 1.4 times and 1.78 times compared with burning pure Urengoi gas.
So far rather large number of torches for chamber combustion of gaseous fuel differing among themselves on the nature of gas-distribution for mixture of fuel with air is known. For domestic oil-gas torches of power coppers their unification as combustion of fuels is characteristic, that is heat of combustion of the burned fuel can change in quite wide limits. Moreover, directly in use on thermal power plant their reconstruction is made for reduction of length of a torch, achievement of uniform radiation of a torch, change of local values of temperatures of a torch or reduction of their maximum values. As a rule, the detailed researches received after reconstruction of these torches are not conducted. Foreign torches are designed and made on combustion of fuel of a concrete type with the set heat of combustion. At the same time the main role for increase in efficiency is assigned to computer regulation of a ratio of fuel and air, gas-distribution - central tubular. Except high cost, the difficulty of application of foreign torches for domestic power coppers is connected with adaptation of automatic equipment of these torches to the system of automation of domestic coppers. Therefore for domestic coppers one of the directions them modernization for the purpose of increase in efficiency is reconstruction of schemes of gas-distribution in the existing torches. In this article the efficiency of application of peripheral tubular gas-distribution in comparison with the combined peripheral tubular gas-distribution combined with conic central gas-distribution when using as the main tagentsialny peripheral twist of air is investigated. These schemes of gas-distribution are applied in coppers of TGM-84A of the Kazan TES-3 and the Nizhnekamsk TES-1 on which experiments on identification of efficiency of these types of gas-distribution for combustion of natural gas of the Urengoy field are made.
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