In the southern regions of Russia, the technology of cultivation of grain crops in the variant of partial sowing has been widely used. In this regard, it became necessary to create effective working bodies of a stubble cultivator that would have fundamentally new resource-saving ways of influencing the area under cultivating and meet the requirements of modern advanced technologies. The shapes of the working bodies surfaces of the cultivators were improved taking into account the mechanic-bionic approach. The main parameters of the toothed cutting surface were determined by the method of bionic comparisons, with a scarab beetle as a bionic prototype. Use of the serrated shape of the cutting edge is consistent with the bionic principle of multi-contact exposure and leads to the fact that the tops of the teeth become stress concentrators and, with a significantly smaller indentation force, cause soil destruction processes, which reduces the energy costs of cutting the soil layer. The optimal curvilinear shape of the working surface made in the form of a logarithmic spiral, is characterized by a constant value of the angle between the normal and the radius vector, and the value of this angle, equal to the angle of internal friction of the soil φ2, will ensure the sliding of the soil and plant residues with minimal energy consumption. The number (n = 4), height (h = 5...7 mm) and tooth placement step (S = 10...12 mm) of the bit tip of the stubble cultivator are analytically justified. The shape of the profile of the working surface of the stubble cultivator bit in the form of a logarithmic spiral with a variable angle of crumbling is proposed. The studies were conducted in the period from September to October 2018 in the soil channel of the research Laboratory of Bionic Agroengineering of the Department of Mechanization and Technical Service in Agro-Industrial Complex. They have shown the decrease in the traction resistance of the proposed working body of the stubble cultivator by 16.5% in comparison with the traction resistance of the serial sample.
Теоретические предпосылки к бионическому обоснованию параметров рабочих органов пружинного выравнивателя почвы* © 2019. Л.Ф. Бабицкий, И.В. Соболевский, В.А. Куклин Академия биоресурсов и природопользования ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского», г. Симферополь, Республика Крым, Российская Федерация В системе мероприятий по предпосевной обработке почвы особое значение следует уделять выравниванию почвы, обеспечивающему повышение равномерности заделки семян по глубине, оказывающему существенное влияние на увеличение урожайности. Основным решением данной проблемы является совершенствование конструкции выравнивателей с использованием механико-бионического подхода для аналитического описания оптимальных форм и параметров их рабочих органов. Предлагается конструкция рабочего органа пружинного выравнивателя почвы, режущие кромки подрезающих крыльев которого имеют выступы и впадины по форме логарифмической кривой с положительной выпуклостью кривизны во внутрь впадин, разработанная по бионическому прототипу медведки (Gryllotalpa). С использованием методов земледельческой механики определены теоретические зависимости рациональной глубины хода рабочих органов и величины тягового сопротивления пружинного выравнивателя почвы от скорости движения, конструктивных параметров и физико-механических свойств почвы, которые подтверждаются результатами экспериментальных исследований на черноземе южном карбонатном среднесуглинистом. Экспериментальный пружинный выравниватель почвы обеспечивал снижение тягового сопротивления на 7…8% (40…49 Н) и имел лучшую устойчивость хода по глубине в среднем в 1,5 раза (± 0,5 см) в сравнении с серийной моделью рабочих органов выравнивателя ВПН-5,6А.Ключевые слова: выравнивающие устройства, биологический прототип, гребни, впадины, мощность, тяговое сопротивление, рабочий орган Для цитирования: Бабицкий Л.Ф., Соболевский И.В., Куклин В.А. Теоретические предпосылки к бионическому обоснованию параметров рабочих органов пружинного выравнивателя почвы. Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока. 2019; 20(1):48-56. uniformity of seeding in depth, which has a significant impact on increasing yields. The main solution to this problem is to improve the design of aligners using a mechanical-bionic approach for the analytical description of the optimal forms and parameters of their working bodies. The design of the working body of the spring soil leveler is proposed, the cutting edges of the undercutting wings of which have ridges and hollows in the form of a logarithmic curve with a positive convexity of curvature inside the depressions, developed by the bionic prototype of the mole cricket (Gryllotalpa). Using the methods of agricultural mechanics, the theoretical dependence of the rational depth of the working bodies and the value of the tractive resistance of spring soil leveler on the travel speed, design parameters and physical-mechanical soil properties, which are proved by the results of experimental research on the south carbonated middle loamy black earth have been establish...
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