Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Uzbekistan and to explore whether there is a correlation between those blood-borne agents and socioeconomic risk factors. Methods: One thousand nine hundred and eighteen subjects were studied. The subjects were divided into a low-risk group, a high-risk group and a patient group. Sera were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, and anti-HIV. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV in the general population was 13.3, 13.1 and 0%, respectively. The anti-HCV infection rate was significantly higher in intravenous drug users (62.7%) than in prostitutes (9.2%), homosexuals (11.1%), and medical laboratory employees (12.5%) (p < 0.01). In the low-risk group, positivity for anti-HCV increased with age from 2.2% in the 15- to 20-year-olds up to the highest rate of 17.6% in the 31- to 40-year-olds; the positivity then decreased to 0% in the group over 60 years of age. In the high-risk group, the positivity for anti-HCV in the age groups under 40 years was approximately 30% and significantly higher than in the low-risk group (p < 0.01). Risk factors for transmission of HCV were medical treatment in the low-risk group, drug abuse in the high-risk group, and both in the patient group. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection is high, whereas HIV infection is yet uncommon in Uzbekistan.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into seven genotypes, designated A-G. The HBV genotype has a characteristic geographical distribution. The Republic of Uzbekistan is located in the heart of Asia and has been considered to be a region with high endemicity of hepatitis viruses. However, the present distribution of hepatitis virus infection in this region is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HBV genotypes and to elucidate the validity of two genotyping systems in Uzbekistan. Fifty-four patients with hepatitis B surface antigen were investigated. HBV genotypes were determined by two methods: one based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) targeting to S region, and another on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using monoclonal antibodies to pre-S2 region. Seven (13%) and 47 (87%) of the 54 subjects were classified into genotypes A and D, respectively. Dual infection of two viral populations of the same genotype was observed in one subject. No significant difference of ALT level (203.3 +/- 244.7 vs. 190.6 +/- 39.5) and HBeAg (42.9% vs. 42.6%) were found between genotypes A and D. In this study, the validity of the genotyping systems in this region was confirmed.
В большинстве случаев у пациентов детского возраста ВИЧ-инфекция сопровождается развитием анемии со снижением уровня гемоглобина. Изучали структуру анемии у 114 детей с ВИЧ-инфекцией в возрасте от 1 года жизни до 18 лет. В зависимости от клинической стадии ВИЧ-инфекции пациенты были разделены на 3 группы: 1-я группа -20 детей со второй клинической стадией ВИЧ-инфекции; 2-я группа -74 ребенка с третьей клинической стадией; 3-я группа -20 детей с четвертой клинической стадией. Определяли сывороточное железо и ферритин. У большинства пациентов (95,2%) исследуемых групп была выявлена железодефицитная анемия (ЖДА), в 4,8% случаев анемия хронических заболеваний (АХЗ). Важность дифференцировки выявленной анемии определяет терапевтическую тактику и необходимость назначения железосодержащих препаратов. Ключевые слова: ВИЧ-инфекция, железодефицитная анемия, анемия хронических заболеваний, железо, ферритин In most cases, HIV infection in children is accompanied by the development of anemia with a decrease in hemoglobin levels. We studied the structure of anemia in 114 children with HIV infection aged from 1 year to 18 years. Depending on the clinical stage of HIV infection, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1st group -20 children with the second clinical stage of HIV infection; 2nd group -74 children with the third clinical stage; 3rd group -20 children with a fourth clinical stage. Serum iron and ferritin were determined. In the majority of patients (95.2%) of the studied groups iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was detected, in 4.8% of cases anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) was detected. The importance of differentiation of the identified anemia determines the therapeutic tactics and the need for the appointment of iron-containing drugs.
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