This article presents the outcomes of implementation of DNA testing in oncology using tumor DNA cells taken from the cytological specimens. DNA attribute of the cytological specimen of 113 patients has been investigated. EGFR gene mutation for the diagnosed pulmonary adenocarcinoma (n=75) has been determined for proper assignment of the target medicines and individual therapy. Mutation has been determined in 10.9% cases. KRAS, BRAF and BRCA1/2 gene mutation has been determined in 38 women suffering from ovarian serous carcinoma. Ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma with KRAS gene mutation has been determined in 71.4 % of the patients. The prognosis for these women is more favourable, as well as for a small portion of the women with BRCA1 gene mutation (14.3 %) from ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma group due to the fact that they are more susceptible to platine medicines. Cytological specimen is valuable material for DNA testing subject to enough number of the tumour cells available.
The aim of the study is to estimate potentiality of the cytological diagnostics of different types of mucin producing carcinomas of the breast.Materials and methods. Cytological evidences of the investigation of 35 patients with mucinous mass in cytological specimens were studied. Different types of mucinous carcinomas which had been diagnosed by cytological method were identified retrospectively.Results. “Pure” mucous carcinomas were divided into two types: hypocellular (A) and hypercellular (B) (n = 9 (25.7 %) and 14 (40 %), respectively). Mixed carcinomas (mucous carcinoma with invasive no special type carcinoma) were noticed of 12 women (34.3 %). 24 cell characteristics of mucin producing carcinomas were identified. Some cytological characteristics were estimated due to multiple factor analysis and discriminant analysis.Conclusions. Investigation results indicated that cytological technique is a high-quality diagnostic method. The fraction of correct classification of mucous carcinoma types based on discriminant analysis was 92–99 %.The study protocol was approved by the biomedical ethics committee of The Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia.
Retrospective analysis of the usage of fine needle aspiration breast cytolology has been represented in the present work. The potentialities of cytological diagnostics according to Yokohama system with characteristics of C1–C5 categories were estimated. The results of cytological conclusions of 4778 patients with breast lesions who had been examined in the Altay oncological dispensary during the year were studied. Fine needle aspiration breast cytology was used of outpatients in 89.6 % cases. The largest number of patients with pathological changes in the breast was noted in category C2 with benign processes (75.7 % of all cases). Difficult cases for cytological study, where the method could not guarantee the accuracy of the diagnosis, belong to the C3 and C4 categories (1.9 % of all cases). The cytological conclusion recommended the compulsory usage of the core biopsy. Malignant tumors were identified in 853 (19.9 %) patients with an indication of the histological type of tumors.Thus, the cytological technique (as a part of Triple test) should be chosen for outpatients with breast diseases using the Yokohama writing system (C1–C5 categories) of fine needle aspiration cytology.
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