This article presents the outcomes of implementation of DNA testing in oncology using tumor DNA cells taken from the cytological specimens. DNA attribute of the cytological specimen of 113 patients has been investigated. EGFR gene mutation for the diagnosed pulmonary adenocarcinoma (n=75) has been determined for proper assignment of the target medicines and individual therapy. Mutation has been determined in 10.9% cases. KRAS, BRAF and BRCA1/2 gene mutation has been determined in 38 women suffering from ovarian serous carcinoma. Ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma with KRAS gene mutation has been determined in 71.4 % of the patients. The prognosis for these women is more favourable, as well as for a small portion of the women with BRCA1 gene mutation (14.3 %) from ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma group due to the fact that they are more susceptible to platine medicines. Cytological specimen is valuable material for DNA testing subject to enough number of the tumour cells available.
This study was undertaken to analyze the effectiveness of cytological diagnostics of endocervical adenocarcinomas. We compared conventional liquid-based cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing. A total of 25 endocervical adenocarcinomas, including endocervical adenocarcinomas in situ, were diagnosed using cytological methods over a year. Liquid-based cytology ensured better detection of glandular differentiation signs than conventional cytology. After molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV), we performed retrospective analysis of cytological characteristics of all endocervical adenocarcinomas (n = 15).We identified specific cellular characteristics of HPV-associated typical and mucinous adenocarcinomas. We also observed 1 case of non-HPV-related clear-cell and 1 case of non-HPV-related mesonephral adenocarcinoma.Our findings suggest that endocervical adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors. Endocervical adenocarcinomas accounted for 10.7 % of all primary cervical carcinomas (n = 214). Eighty percent of all endocervical adenocarcinomas were HPV-related, whereas the remaining 20 % were HPV-negative. We found no cytological differences between invasive endocervical adenocarcinomas and adenocarcinomas in situ.Mutations detected in some of the patients are an important diagnostic criterion that specifies whether the tumor is rare.
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