A comparison of small doses (up to 0.7 mass part) of impact strength modifiers of foreign and domestic production in polyvinylchloride-based compositions is given. Domestic acrylicnitrile- butadiene styrene modifiers (ABS) were used. The developed shock-resistant polyvinylchloride compositions in the presence of ABS elastifier have high melt fluidity, which has a beneficial effect on the recyclability. Changes in supramolecular structure were estimated from thermomechanical testing and electron microscopy data for both unfilled and filled PVC samples. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the presence of ABS modifier had a favorable effect on the technological properties of PVC-based samples. Electron-microscopic images indicate that in unfilled PVC samples, the heterogeneous PVC structure is expressed in the presence of ABS copolymer in comparison with foreign acrylic modifiers. When the compositions are filled with micro-heterogeneous structure in dispersion medium, the filler-polymer is formed by chalk particles, while ABS elasticifier is at the phase interface. Due to the peculiarities of the structure ABS has a higher degree of “fixation” on the surface of the chalk particles in comparison with the basic compositions containing acrylic modifiers, which with increasing chalk concentration leads to lower wear and tear on the top of the forming equipment.
The paper deals with filling polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compositions modified with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in a wide concentration range (per hundredth of PVC resin (phr) 10–20 phr ABS) with short-fiber basalt fiber, intended for production of profile mounded products of various functional purposes. The introduction of ABS into PVC compositions makes it easier to process the material, and improves the impact toughness, which for rigid PVC products is an important factor since it expands the areas of their application. However, as a rule, polymer-polymer blends are characterized by low mechanical properties under compression, tension and bending, resulting from the formation of two-phase morphology, which is often heterogeneous. To increase stiffness and strength, 7 phr of short-fiber basalt fiber was introduced into their composition. Experimental samples were made by extrusion in the form of flat profiles. Filling with short-fiber basalt fiber resulted in an increase in the bending strength of PVC specimens over the entire concentration range with an optimum in the region of 10–20 phr ABS, as compared to unfilled blended polymer compositions.
The method of energy dispersion analysis established that, depending on the ABS content in the mixture, the interaction of the polymer (PVC) with the filler (fiber) is observed either at the polymer-filler boundary or through the boundary layer of the elastomer.
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