Introduction. Modern education of children is one of the most rapidly changing systems, actively using modern capabilities of information and communication technologies and e-learning tools. Information and communication technologies increase the load on the visual, auditory analyzers, the nervous system and contribute to the development of overwork in children. The use of digital media is becoming increasingly widespread, not only in school, before and in preschool education. To substantiate the concept and integrated system of the hygienic safety of electronic educational content and children’s life in conditions of hyper-informatization, physiological and hygienic studies are required. Materials and methods. In order to develop the scientific foundations and technologies for ensuring the hygienic safety of children in the “Digital School”, an expert-analytical study was carried out based on the results of representative hygienic observations and non-randomized controlled studies with Contribution of volunteers. Results. Studies of childhood hygiene allowed justifying the modern system of hygiene and health care of children and adolescents in a hyper-informational society, including criteria of the hygienic safety, including in the editorial, intended for children and adolescents; sanitary rules and norms of ensuring the hygienic safety of the new generation; federal recommendations of medical support of students in the conditions of using information and communication technologies; federal guidelines for students ’mental health and well-being; recommendations to the family in the field of ensuring the safety of children’s life in a digital environment; recommendations to producers and distributors of content in the field of ensuring the medical, psychological and pedagogical safety of children’s life, including the age marking of information products; gaming educational and educational programs on the rules for the safe use of children on the Internet; a system for monitoring the effectiveness of hygienic safety policies and protecting children from negative information in a hyper-information society. Conclusion. The developed system and technologies for ensuring the hygienic safety of the “Digital School” are significant for the medical and preventive basis of the health saving of students in the Decade of Childhood in Russia (2018-2027).
In the article there are presented the results of physiological and hygienic evaluation of studies in kindergarten with the use of educational games on an electronic PC tablet. The study involved 44 foster-children. In one of the groups children in the classroom used the interactive game software on electronic PC tablets «Samsung», the same time while working with the PC tablet did not exceed 10 minutes, in the other - the classes were held traditionally. There were investigated the state of health, psychosomatic and psycho-emotional state of children, determined their functional readiness for systematic training in school, mental performance, the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and reactions to a moving object (RDO). Developing of game sessions with the use of electronic PC tablets for 10 minutes were established to contribute to the activation of the central nervous system and increase in children resistance to the development of fatigue.
Active use of electronic learning devices (ELD) in educational process increases its efficiency and makes knowledge more available to children; but at the same time it creates risks for schoolchildren's health. Intense visual and information loads can result in schoolchildren being over-exhausted. Our research goal was to give scientific grounds for hygienic optimization of education process (a typical class and a schedule) that would allow preventing apparent exhaustion in schoolchildren studying in a digital environment. To solve the fixed tasks, we applied hygienic, physiological and statistical research techniques. We analyzed factors occurring in school environment and components in education process structure; we examined parameters of body functional state (BFS) on a sampling made up of more than 600 schoolchildren attending 5-9 th grades, namely, parameters that characterized their mental and visual working abilities. Results were statistically processed with parametric and non-parametric analysis techniques. Relative risks of unfavorable outcomes in body functional state were calculated as per evidence-based medicine principles depending on how education process was organized (a structure of a class and classes schedules). We developed methodical approaches to hygienically rational organization of a class and schedule provided that school environment was optimal (microclimate, luminance, electromagnetic fields, furniture in rooms, etc.) and electronic learning devices were applied according to age-related regulations. Research results proved that implementation of suggested approaches would make for favorable dynamics of children's functional state as well as prevention of education-related diseases.
For the purpose of the development of novel approaches during the commission stage, the hygienic assessment of conditions of training in specially constructed innovative building of SKOLKOVO International Gymnasium was performed. Hygienic examination of innovative architectural and planning solutions, learning conditions and hygienic modeling of the optimal placement of furniture and equipment in multi-faceted educational facilities with panoramic glazing made it possible to predict the provision of the gymnasium with an optimal level of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of students. This is achieved by the innovative layout of the gymnasium building and its territory. Hygienic specification of zoning of both buildings and premises of the educational institution, include the requirements to satisfy the hygienic criteria on children education, motor activity, organization of proper nutrition, and using the building as a center for family leisure. Hygienic modeling of educational furniture and equipment provides optimal conditions (viewing angle) for visual work of students in all multifaceted classes. The obtained data are the basis for amendments to the state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations in the field of organization of education and upbringing of children.
Background: In contemporary conditions of digital transformation of education, the medical community, teachers, and parents are concerned about health effects of electronic learning tools in children. The emergence of new types of digital tools necessitates studies of related fatigue of schoolchildren in the dynamics of learning. A questionnaire-based survey of pupils aimed to establish their main complaints attributed to the use interactive panels, the most common type of educational boards in the classroom, helps identify and analyze weaknesses from the point of view of health maintenance in organization of the educational process. Objective: To study specific health effects of interactive panels used in the classroom in fifth-year pupils. Materials and methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of 130 schoolchildren aged 11 years to establish their self-rated health, visual functions, risk factors and educational experience related to the use of interactive displays. Data processing was carried out using nonparametric methods of statistical analysis; relative risk values were established according to the rules of evidence-based medicine. Results: Some pupils, especially those with vision impairment, had complaints indicative of general and visual fatigue following the exposure to interactive panels. Inappropriate or excessive use of the interactive display in the classroom increased the frequency of such complaints. Conclusion: The reported adverse factors including bright light from the display, small and fuzzy image, rising temperature in the classroom, etc., defined preventive measures to be implemented for ensuring safe learning conditions.
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