A series of diverse binuclear and mononuclear cyclometalated palladium(ii) complexes of different structure was investigated by electrochemical techniques combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The studies including cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, X-ray structure analysis and quantum chemical calculations revealed a regularity of the complexes oxidation potential on the metal-metal distance in the complexes: the larger Pd-Pd distance, the higher oxidation potentials. The reduction potentials feature unusually high negative values while no correlation depending on the structure could be observed. These results are in a good agreement with the electron density distribution in the complexes. Additionally, ESR data obtained for the complexes upon oxidation is reported.
A series of new ionic liquids based on sterically hindered decyl(tri-tert-butyl)phosphonium (DTBP) or decyl(tricyclohexyl)phosphonium (DCHP) cations were prepared using quaternisation of tri-tert-butyl- or tricyclohexylphosphine with decylbromide and subsequent bromide exchange with the weakly-coordinating anions BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-), SO(3)CF(3)(-), N(SO(2)CF(3))(2)(-). The salts obtained melt below 100 degrees C and possess a broad electrochemical window. Density functional theory combined with X-ray crystallography, IR and Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyze the molecular and supramolecular structures of the compounds obtained and their possible influence on their physical properties.
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are among the most promising nanocarriers to target the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Encapsulation of the acetylcholinesterase reactivator, pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM), in SLNs appears to be a suitable strategy for protection against poisoning by organophosphorus agents (OPs) and postexposure treatment. 2-PAM-loaded SLNs were developed for brain targeting and delivery via intravenous (iv) administration. 2-PAM-SLNs displayed a high 2-PAM encapsulation efficiency (∼90%) and loading capacity (maximum 30.8 ± 1%). Drug-loaded particles had a mean hydrodynamic diameter close to 100 nm and high negative zeta potential (-54 to -15 mV). These properties contribute to improve long-term stability of 2-PAM-SLNs when stored both at room temperature (22 °C) and at 4 °C, as well as to longer circulation time in the bloodstream compared to free 2-PAM. Paraoxon-poisoned rats (2 × LD) were treated with 2-PAM-loaded SLNs at a dose of 2-PAM of 5 mg/kg. 2-PAM-SLNs reactivated 15% of brain AChE activity. Our results confirm the potential use of SLNs loaded with positively charged oximes as a medical countermeasure both for protection against OPs poisoning and for postexposure treatment.
The
new efficient synthesis of biologically important 3-hydroxy-4-arylquinolin-2-ones
through the Darzens condensation (epoxidation) of dichloroacetanilides
with aromatic aldehydes followed by one-pot dechlorative epoxide-arene
cyclization is described. This methodology has been utilized for the
synthesis of naturally occurring viridicatol, a fungal metabolite
isolated from the penicillium species.
Water soluble hexanuclear molybdenum cluster assembled with triblock copolymer gives luminescent response on ion-pairing with difloxacin through energy transfer.
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