We have shown that the H 2 O 2 concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in lung cancer patients increases significantly compared to the EBC of healthy people and revealed the correlation between the H 2 O 2 level in the EBC and amount of mtDNA damage in buccal mucosa cells. The H 2 O 2 hyper-production may trigger mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby resulting in an increase in mtDNA copy number. However, we did not observe a significant difference in the studied parameters between smokers and non-smokers. Overall, our data suggest that H 2 O 2 concentration in the EBC, the extent of mtDNA damage, and mtDNA copy number in buccal mucosa could be potential as an early diagnostic marker of lung cancer.

Background. A new strategy of breast cancer management is required for effective disease prevention and control. Immunotherapy is one of promising options.Objective: to evaluate the effect of immunoadjuvant polyoxidonium on pathmorphological changes in breast tumors.Materials and methods. The study was performed in 75 patients with breast cancer: 50 patients received polyoxidonium in a neoadjuvant regimen (main group), 25 patients did not receive polyoxidonium (control group). Polyoxidonium at a dose of 12 mg was administered intramuscularly 1 time per day on the days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 before surgery; on the day 8, radical mastectomy was performed in patients of both groups, followed by histological examination and determination of the grade of therapeutic pathomorphosis of the tumor.Results. The proportion of cases with grade I therapeutic pathomorphosis was 58 %, grade II therapeutic pathomorphosis – 6 %. Pathomorphosis in metastatic lymph nodes was observed in 22.7 % of cases.Conclusion. The anti-tumor effect of polyoxidonium was confirmed on the basis of the induction of pathomorphosis of the tumor tissue of breast cancer.

Актуальность Несмотря на, казалось бы, доступную для всех видов клинического исследования область поражения, досих пор остается проблема обнаружения рака груди у мужчин на ранних стадиях. Это связано со многими факторами,среди которых: недостаточная осведомленность мужского населения и врачей о данной патологии; неправильная интер-претация результатов маммографии и (или) УЗИ.Цель исследования Уточнить особенности лучевой диагностики рака молочной железы у мужчин.Материалы и методы ретроспективно проанализированы результаты рентгеновских (маммография, РКТ) 31 мужчины,страдающих раком молочной железы, проходивших обследование и лечение в Воронежском областном онкологическом дис-пансере в период с 2010 по 2016 гг.Результаты и осуждение выделены и обобщены различные признаки рака молочной железы у мужчин, полученные поданным маммографии и РКТ грудных клеток.Выводы: 1. Рентгенологические симптомы РМЖ у мужчин в целом аналогичны таковым у женщин. 2. Характерным дляРМЖ у мужчин является связь опухоли с кожей молочной железы, ареолы и соском. 3. При невозможности выполнениямаммографии для оценки характера и распространенности поражения молочной железы может быть использована РКТгрудной клетки. 4. Алгоритм лучевого обследования у мужчин с РМЖ должен включать маммографию, УЗИ молочныхжелез, РКТ грудной клетки, по возможности, ПЭТ\КТ с 18-ФДГ. 5. Осведомленность населения и врачей о возможностиРМЖ у мужчин может иметь большое значение для выявления заболевания на ранних стадиях и, как следствие, болееуспешного его лечения.Ключевые слова: рак, молочная железа мужчин, маммография

The aim of the study was to improve clinical outcomes of oral mucosa cancer in case of surgical treatment failure.Materials and methods. A clinical case of combined radiation treatment of a patient with oral floor mucosa cancer St III T3N1M0 was presented. Pathogistological diagnosis # xxxxxx was: highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A treatment plan was developed. Chemoradiotherapy at the first stage included 3 courses of intra-arterial chemotherapy (Selective (superselective) embolization (chemoembolization) of tumor vessels in the basin of the left and right facial and left lingual arteries, cisplatin 150 mg, combined with a daily infusion of 5-fluorouracil 4000 mg), with an interval 21 day. Chemoradiotherapy at the second stage included volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT) on the area of ​​the primary tumor (oral floor mucosa) and the regional metastasis pathways (total boost dose 60 Gy to the area of ​​regional lymph flow, otal boost dose 50 Gy to the oral cavity). Chemoradiotherapy at stage 3 included interstitial radiation therapy. A single boost dose (SBD) for the primary focus was 3 Gy/per fraction, 2 times a day, with an interval of 6 hours until total boost dose reached 21 Gy, 7 fractions.Results. After treatment, a complete regression of the tumor was noted. No pathological accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals, features of the tumor process was detected on PET/CT 48 months after treatment.Conclusions. Chemoradiotherapy combined with brachytherapy can be considered as an equal alternative to surgical treatment of patients with oral mucosa cancer.

Background: With the growth in the equipment clinics with modern diagnostic equipment is increasing the detectability of male breast pathology. In this connection there is a need to determine X-ray characteristics of some forms of the male breast pathology especially breast cancer, because in Russia it stills a problem of detecting male breast cancer at early stages. Purpose: To determine the diagnostic capabilities of chest CT to detect various pathologies of the male breast and to identify the statistically significant radiological symptoms for the differential diagnosis of pseudogynecomastia, gynecomastia and breast cancer. Material and methods: 150 chest CT of men who were screened and treated for the various diseases in the Voronezh Regional Clinical Diagnostic Center and Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital in 2013–2015. X-ray examinations (13 chest CT, 4 PET-CT and 16 mammography) of 31 male patients with breast cancer who were surgically treated at the Voronezh Regional Oncology Hospital in 2010–2016 are presented. Results: The obtained data on the prevalence of pseudogynecomastia and gynecomastia in men who have no presenting complaints about changes in breast. Determined the forms of gynecomastia in this group of patients. Identified radiographic signs that allow a differential diagnosis between gynecomastia and breast cancer. Conclusions: 1. Gynecomastia is a common pathology of the male breast diagnosed by chest CT, and was diagnosed in 68.7 % of patients, who have no presenting complaints about changes in breast. In 96.1 % of cases, gynecomastia had a dendritic form. Diffuse glandular and nodular were rare forms of the disease and were respectively 2.9 % and 1 % of all cases of this disease. 2. Statistically significant signs of malignant character of breast masses in men were: a) the connection of the tumor with skin, areola or nipple in the form of «track» to them, thickening of the skin, «pulling» of the skin or nipple to neoplasm or their immediate invasion by tumor; b) tumor invasion into the pectoralis major muscle; c) presence of microcalcifications in neoplasm; d) presence of pathologically altered axillary lymph nodes. The determination of these radiological symptoms require immediate consultation of an oncologist. 3. Statistically significant signs of the benign character of breast masses in men were: a) bilateral lesion and the symmetry of the changes in the breasts; b) adipose tissue inclusions in breast masses. When detection gynecomastia it needs the consultation of urologist, endocrinologist, oncologist. 4. Awareness of physicians and radiologists on the possibility of developing breast cancer in men and the knowledge of the symptoms of this disease is crucial to detect male breast cancer at early stages and, as a consequence, more successful treatment and a favorable prognosis.

В работе рассматривается метод сбора конденсата выдыхаемого воздуха (КВВ) из выдыхаемой воздушной смеси с учетом сорбционного взаимодействия с пластиком пробирок типа Фалькон.Показано, что ключевым фактором, повышающим эффективность сбора перекиси водорода, являетсяохлаждение пробирки для сбора образцов. По-видимому, это способствовало снижению сорбционного воздействия H2O2 с полипропиленовой поверхностью пластика и соответственно приводило к снижению скорости его распада до воды. В результате работы нами был модифицирован метод измерения концентрации H2O2 в КВВ с использованием реагента Amplex® Ultra Red. Применяя данный метод, установлено, что у пациентов с раком легкого уровень H2O2 в КВВ 9 раз выше, чем у здоровых людей. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что концентрация H2O2 в КВВ может являться потенциальным маркером для ранней диагностики рака легкого

No abstract

For many years the main method of treatment of patients with prostate cancer remains surgical treatment, which consists in performing a difficult and traumatic operations, leading to reduced quality of life. Currently, as an equal alternative to radical prostatectomy is radiotherapy, presented with a standard 3D conformal beam radiation, stereotactic radiotherapy and brachytherapy using sources with a low or high dose. Brachytherapy using sources of high power is a safe and effective treatment for localized prostate cancer, providing a summing fatal dose to the tumor with the short period of hospitalization, minimal complications, which may be used in combination with external beam radiotherapy and standalone version. A brief review of the literature on the use of combined radiation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer. Describes the comparative characteristics of results of treatment of this pathology, complications, early and late toxic reactions when used brachytherapy isotopes of different dose in combination with external beam radiation therapy. The vector of further research in this direction is justified.