Higher education institutions are obligated to facilitate students in the development of sustainability competencies, which enable them to act as “change agents” in their future profession-specific environment. Therefore, students’ study motives, prior knowledge, attitudes, and experiences regarding sustainability should be considered when designing Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) programmes. The present study compares first-year students in teacher training with first-year students in other study programmes and explores their study choice motives as well as sustainability-related conceptions, engagement and self-efficacy beliefs using a semi-standardised online questionnaire. Results show that the choice of study is dominated by intrinsic factors and the relevance of extrinsic factors differs by degree programmes with lower extrinsic values for the teacher training students. Regarding sustainability, we find simple and often unelaborated concepts. Teacher training students show significantly higher scores than non-teacher training students regarding the sustainability-related behavioural domain and self-efficacy beliefs. In addition, a gender gap increasing with age and with lower sustainability scores for older males could be identified but only for teacher training students. In conclusion, the results show valuable starting points as well as challenges that should be considered when designing target-oriented learning processes in (inter)disciplinary sustainability courses at higher education institutions.
State budget-funded veterinary institutions are engaged in the development of state tasks for the state budget-funded veterinary institutions of the country by scientific institutions, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of veterinary medicine, heads of large state veterinary institutions for about 10 years. Development and implementation of state tasks is carried out in all 85 subjects of the Russian Federation. Approaches to the procedure for their preparation, implementation and financial support are periodically improved. Scientific research on the creation of a regulatory framework for the establishment of a scientifically sound list of state veterinary services, the procedure for determining the volume of such services, and the calculation of the financial support for the implementation of state tasks are being intensively conducted. The result of such research in the N.E. Bauman Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine was the development of the “Recommendations on the formation of the state assignment for the provision of public services (works) to institutions of the State Veterinary Service of the Russian Federation”, which were approved by the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation on June 11, 2014.
Veterinary specialists have been rationing the work in the Russian Federation for more than 60 years. During this period, a lot of material has been accumulated on the development of scientific, methodological and regulatory problems. Recommendations on the regulation of labor of specialists in the field of veterinary medicine have been developed and approved: the time standards for the implementation of anti-epizootic, treatment-and-prophylactic, veterinary-sanitary measures for servicing cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, birds; diagnostic tests carried out by veterinary laboratories, and veterinary and sanitary examination of animal and vegetable products as well. The market of veterinary services in the cities of our country requires the expansion of the list of veterinary services in the field of servicing small domestic, decorative, exotic and wild animals. The article presents: features of the regulation of labor of veterinary specialists; classification of veterinary work depending on their direction, labor capacity, significance for ensuring epizootic well-being; norms of time for performing about 300 types of veterinary work when servicing small pets, 35 wild animals, 32 decorative and exotic animals. The established norms of labor costs for the implementation of veterinary measures in small domestic, decorative, exotic and wild animals will be used for: analysis of personnel support for veterinary institutions; planning their staffing levels; studying the effectiveness of the use of labor resources; establishing reasonable prices for paid veterinary work; determination of reserves for increasing labor productivity of veterinary specialists.
History of veterinary medicine in Russia in all its aspects (municipal, military, professional veterinary, etc.) has been circumstantially studied and is presented in textbooks, monographs and thesis. However, the history of municipal veterinary medicine has been studied and the materials of all-Russian congresses of veterinarians, held in the early twentieth century and the landmarks of veterinary medicine history in Russia and its sub-federal entities in the period between ancient time and nowadays has been synthesized. Items on epizootic situation of the country and its sub-federal entities on extra hazardous diseases, on prevention and elimination measures; legal regulation of veterinary management ; staff requirements for official veterinary, training of veterinarians and veterinary aid men, forms of organization of the veterinary service; state, municipal, military, private veterinary services are available in literary origins. Unfortunately, the historical and modern features of the veterinary service in certain federal districts of Russia, including the North Caucasus and southern districts, are not generalized. The analysis and determination of such features is important for scientifically-reasonable planning of anti-epizootic measures, composing national targets for veterinary institutions, determining the amount of budget funding for performing national targets, establishing a scientifically-reasonable staff number of veterinary services, improving veterinary servicing of livestock and other branches. Article points out the historical and modern features of the veterinary service of the North Caucasus and Southern federal districts, which have peculiar environment and economic conditions for the development of agriculture, including animal husbandry, and therefore veterinary support for agricultural industries.
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