The microbial community of the human gut has a crucial role in sustaining host homeostasis. High-throughput DNA sequencing has delineated the structural and functional configurations of gut metagenomes in world populations. The microbiota of the Russian population is of particular interest to researchers, because Russia encompasses a uniquely wide range of environmental conditions and ethnogeographical cohorts. Here we conduct a shotgun metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota samples from 96 healthy Russian adult subjects, which reveals novel microbial community structures. The communities from several rural regions display similarities within each region and are dominated by the bacterial taxa associated with the healthy gut. Functional analysis shows that the metabolic pathways exhibiting differential abundance in the novel types are primarily associated with the trade-off between the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla. The specific signatures of the Russian gut microbiota are likely linked to the host diet, cultural habits and socioeconomic status.
Enters the CNS and reverses the inhibitory effects of neuroactive steroids on brain function in humans 9 Normalizes an elevated GABAergic tone, independent of ammonia 9 Improves cognitive function Cirrhosisis a growing problem and an end-stage disease Current drugs are targeting elevated ammonia levels Increased production of allopregnanolone Ammonia, inflammation Golexanolone: the only HE drug directly targeting CNS Golexanolone in HE CNS-related disorders Excessive GABAergic inhibition is a central driver of HE Excessive GABAergic tone Cirrhosis
HighlightsHerein, we report findings from a pilot phase IIa study of golexanolone, a GABA-A receptor-modulating steroid antagonist, in clinical development for HE.Golexanolone was generally well tolerated and seemed to improve neuropsychiatric performance.These findings support a role for neurosteroids in the pathogenesis of HE-related sleepiness and vigilance.The results also suggest a role for golexanolone in the treatment of neurosteroid-mediated vigilance and cognitive disorders including HE.
The urgency of inflammatory bowel diseases increases every year as the prevalence of pathology in the world increases. Unlike most diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases do not always debut classic intestinal symptoms, often in the debut of pathology — extraintestinal manifestations.The article describes three clinical cases of patients with IBD and skin manifestations, different outcomes and management tactics.
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