Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia

Abstract

The microbial community of the human gut has a crucial role in sustaining host homeostasis. High-throughput DNA sequencing has delineated the structural and functional configurations of gut metagenomes in world populations. The microbiota of the Russian population is of particular interest to researchers, because Russia encompasses a uniquely wide range of environmental conditions and ethnogeographical cohorts. Here we conduct a shotgun metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota samples from 96 healthy Russian adult subjects, which reveals novel microbial community structures. The communities from several rural regions display similarities within each region and are dominated by the bacterial taxa associated with the healthy gut. Functional analysis shows that the metabolic pathways exhibiting differential abundance in the novel types are primarily associated with the trade-off between the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla. The specific signatures of the Russian gut microbiota are likely linked to the host diet, cultural habits and socioeconomic status.

Study of Skin and Nail Candida Species as a Normal Flora Based on Age Groups in Healthy Persons in Tehran-Iran (2016)

“…In this work, the cutaneous candida community was similar between males and females and there was no significant difference in candida isolation between the genders .whereas in other surveys about the normal flora of the skin the frequency of candida isolation was significantly greater in females compared to males [7]. Changes in sociodemographic and economic patterns, life style and diet over the time could be the reason for the observed differences in this study [6,12]. During this investigation the maximum amount of candida isolation in regard to anatomic site of the skin was related to fingernails.…”

Variability in the relative quantity of human DNA resulted from metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota

“…Для того чтобы определить вариабельность этого показателя для образцов ДНК, выделенной из кала здоровых людей, мы проанализировали массив данных, полученных ранее при метагеномном анализе микробиоты кишечника у 96 жителей Российской Федерации [15]. Для 92 образцов среднее значение доли прочтений, картировавшихся на геном человека hg19, составило 0,22±0,24%, и только для четырёх образцов мы наблюдали повышение данного показателя, вплоть до 44% [15]. Повышенная представленность ДНК человека (более 10%) отмечена нами также в метагеномных образцах, полученных от пациентов с различными патологическими состояниями кишечника (данные не приводятся).…”

“…Предварительная обработка геномных данных включала в себя отбрасывание низкокачественных прочтений, коррекцию с помощью программы SAET и обрезание по качеству, как описано ранее [15].…”

Methods for The Metagenomic Data Visualization and Analysis

“…The samples on a PCoA can be coloured by the country of origin to highlight the country-specific features of microbiota in the populations of the world (Tyakht et al, 2013). The approach can be used to track the temporal dynamics, for example, of an infant gut metagenome with respect to the adults' samples: this visualization was performed using the EMPeror tool (Vázquez-Baeza et al, 2013).…”