Since ancient times philosophers have been concerned with the issues of spirituality. The characteristic of the personality from the spirituality viewpoint gives the chance to see in a person the already created moral values. These values are reflected in his/her education and reactions to the arising situations demanding instant actions. It is important to underline that the spiritual world of a man is formed both within the religious and the secular system. In this article, the authors tried to show the difference between spiritualty and morality and to present spirituality from the perspective of such moral values as “freedom” and “conscience”. In this regard, a theoretical analysis was carried out and the definitions of “spirituality” given by philosophers of some epochs were proposed. Moreover, the authors find it necessary to present such concepts as “spirit”, “morality” associated with the concept of “spirituality”, as well as views of some ancient, Western and Russian philosophers. The article also describes spiritual values such as «morality», «freedom», and «conscience». The authors come to the conclusion that conscience is the highest measure of morality, which determines man’s spiritual world and culture.
Abstract-The article deals with the issues of using Web resources in the learning process. They represent basic information about the possibility to create comfortable environments for learning processes by creating information and communication learning environments. The tasks that inspired genuine collaborative learning were characterized by a certain complexity in terms of multimodality and technology, or professional knowledge combining academic and practical experience. The authors stress the main advantages of use of Web resources in the learning process and describe various computer software used by students along with Web resources. The article is meant for public reading and for those, who are interested in creating comfortable environment during the learning process.
The paper reveals the concept of cross-cultural communication and determines conceptual ties with synonymous terms. Cross-cultural communication is a dynamic process that is clearly structured. This process has a set of characteristics that show the forms of cultures interaction. Cross-cultural communication explains the interpenetration mechanism of cultural and communicative senses of values. It ensures mutual understanding and preserves the "national picture of the world". Сross-cultural communication considers interaction in socio-cultural and moral terms, raising the importance of individualistic values and lowering the importance of collectivist values. The second part of the paper is devoted to the description of the study. This study is aimed to identify the value orientations of students. The representatives of two cultures of the same age and social characteristics participated in the study. The authors of the paper discovered and described a cause-and-effect link between changes in society and the characteristic of students' values. The comparative characteristics of the study are presented.
The concept of translation has been considered as a social, philosophical and cultural phenomenon in the last few decades. Russian and foreign researchers treat the translation as "crossroads of cultures", sciences and human morality, thus expressing its role in the process of intercultural communication. Translation is not a cultural phenomenon, but it "is culture" itself. The communication effect of translation is directly dependent on its main (communicative) function. On the other hand, translation has an aesthetic function of presenting and protecting nation's culture in the text. The text of the translation, being a tool in the process of cross-cultural communication, at the same time turns out to be an element belonging to two systems simultaneouslythe original culture and the culture of the recipient. The system of language and the system of culture reflect their functions in different ways. The aesthetic and semantic value of a literary work, its uniqueness and openness to interpretation as a fact of culture contradicts its communicative aim is to be understood by the recipient. Therefore, the article represents the views of researchers on the problem of translation as a unique phenomenon of cross-cultural communication, on such concepts as the adequacy and equivalence of translation. The purpose of translation is to create a text that can completely replace the original in the process of cross-language communication. As an example, the analysis of realia translation from P. P. Yershov's fairy tale "Konek-Gorbunok" (Humpbacked Horse) in German and English versions is introduced.
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