Psoriasis is the most common chronic dermatosis and affects 1–2% of the population of developed countries. In Russia, psoriasis incidence rate has increased by 11% since 2011. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated skin disease and it is often associated with metabolic syndrome and its components such as obesity, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The risk of developing metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis is 40% higher than in the general population. Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome share some pathogenic mechanisms such as chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Systemic inflammation causes obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes. These conditions increase the risk of mortality among patients. There is a link between the severity of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome and associated with severe rash, reduction of the remission and higher risk of psoriatic arthritis development. The carriers of the risk allele of FTO gene are associated with severe psoriasis, presence of psoriatic arthritis and obesity. The article presents the issues of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome.

Senile xerosis is one of the most common pathology in elderly patients. The article presents an overview of current knowledge on the subject of skin barrier function and pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features of senile xerosis. The corneotherapeutic approach to treatment of senile xerosis is substantiated and the effectiveness of emollients for baths was justified. The pH of water various sources (tap and artesian water) has alkaline values, which leads to an increase in dry skin and worsening clinical symptoms of xerosis. The effectiveness of bath emollients was investigated. The analysis of the adsorption properties of bath emollients was conducted which showed that these properties depend on pH of water. Hydrotherapy with using the citrate buffer system increases the efficiency of treatment. 60 women, aged 75-84 years, diagnosed with senile xerosis were treated with hydrotherapy containing citrate buffer system, bath emollient (shower oil). A clinical assessment was performed at the beginning and end of the study by a dermatologist using the Overall Dry Skin Scale (ODS) and Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI). Hydrotherapy with using a citrate buffer system provided a significant softening of the skin, elimination of scaling, remission of pruritus and more rapid clinical effect.

Электронный учебный модуль «Научно-исследовательская работа (получение первичных навыков научно-исследовательской работы)» предназначен для освоения по специальностям 31.05.01 «Лечебное дело» студентами медицинских вузов. Цель курса - формирование универсальных, общепрофессиональных и профессиональных компетенций, приобретение умений и навыков научно-исследовательской работы, направленных на закрепление и углубление теоретической подготовки обучающегося. Обеспечение готовности обучающихся к осуществлению деятельности в профессиональной среде. Основное содержание практики: 1. Основы методологии научного творчества (наука как способ познания мира. Роль науки в развитии медицины. Формы научного общения). 2. Основы организации и проведения научных исследований (организация научного исследования. Типы научных исследований в медицине). 3. Основы организации и проведения научных исследований (этические вопросы в НИР). 4. Статистический анализ и представление результатов НИР (направления и задачи статистического анализа в НИР, анализ результатов НИР). 5. Поиск, анализ и представление научных данных (источники научной информации, постановка вопросов и поиск ответов. Оформление библиографической записи и списка. Вторичные тексты – обзор литературы). 6. Разработка и реализация проекта НИР (сбор информации. Формирование базы данных и статистический анализ информации. Анализ результатов и подготовка отчета о НИР). Для практических занятий используются медицинские базы данных и виды работы: анализ научных публикаций, поиск научных данных в печатных, электронных ресурсах, подготовка обзора литературы, составление библиографических записей и списка литературы, подготовка доклада и презентации, написание делового письма; при повышенном уровне освоения дисциплины (по выбору студента) - проектная деятельность (обоснование проекта научного исследования). С использованием интерактивных (групповых) форм проводятся все практические занятия. Учебный комплекс состоит из 2 модулей (по 18 занятий), содержащих теоретическую часть, руководство к самостоятельному выполнению работ и практической научно-исследовательской работы.

Introduction. The development of new methods and technologies for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AtD) is an urgent medical task due to the growing incidence of the disease, increasing frequency of severe, continuously relapsing forms of dermatosis resistant to both external and systemic therapy. Appropriate experimental models of laboratory animals are needed to test new methods of AtD treatment. The purpose of the study is to describe the technologies of creating experimental models for AtD in laboratory animals to conduct preclinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of AtD therapy, based on foreign and domestic literature data. Materials and methods. A search in the bibliographic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, scientific electronic library Elibrary was conducted, 58 sources were selected for the literary review. Search keywords: atopic dermatitis, animal models, mouse models, preclinical studies. Results and discussion. Mouse models are mainly used to reproduce AtD. Experimental mouse models of AtD can be divided into three groups: mice that spontaneously develop skin lesions similar to AtD; models using transgenic mice that either overexpress selective molecules or lack them; models induced cutaneous application of sensitizers. Typically, these models mimic various aspects of human AtD pathophysiology, such as defects in the skin barrier, Th2 predominance, with additional activation of Th1 and Th22 and, in some populations, Th17 immune response. Conclusion. Of the technologies for creating experimental models of AtD in laboratory animals, those with genetic predisposition and allergen-induced models are the closest to human AtD.