Microgreens are a new functional food crop that can facilitate adaptation to urbanization and global climate change, and improve human health. The research was carried out in 2021 at the Department of Landscape Architecture of the Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy. The aim of the research was to study the technology of cultivation of microgreens of the Brassicaceae family on an aqueous substrate. The objects of research were the seeds of cultivated plants of the Brassicaceae family: Brassica oleracea Broccoli Group broccoli or asparagus, Fortuna, Raphanus sativus radish, Violetta, Lepidium sativum, watercress, Dansky, and Eruca versicaria, arugula, Sicily. It was revealed that microgreens can be obtained from seeds of the Brassicaceae family in 6-12 days. Such a product does not have time to accumulate harmful substances from the atmosphere in a short period of time. When growing microgreens, it is not necessary to use mineral fertilizers, pesticides and, thus, it is possible to obtain environmentally friendly, biologically useful products with low material costs. It was found that, depending on the seeds of the studied crops and their genotype, the cycle of growing microgreens lasts from 6 to 10 days after germination. Depending on the type of culture, the sprouts reached a height of 5-10 cm. The laboratory germination rate was 96-98%.

No abstract

Nowadays one of the most important and difficult problems to be solved in crop production is the controlling of weeds. The phytosanitary situation in terms of weediness is still difficult despite the fact that over the past five years there has been a tendency to reduce sown areas and weediness of fields allocated for spring wheat and an increase in the volume of chemical treatment. The article presents the results of studies on the species composition, the number of weeds in spring wheat crops for 29 years of research in Kemerovo region. It has been established that the majority of weeds growing in spring wheat crops are spring crops (50%) -Stellariamedia L., Echinochloacrus-galli L., Setariaviridis L., Amaranthusalbus L., etc. There is a large proportion of root shoots (Convolvulus arvensis Murr., Cirsiumarvense L., Sonchusarvensis L.). The predominant type of weediness in the main areas of wheat sowing is mixed such as offset weediness. The appearance of new species of weeds such as Equisetumarvеnse L., Erigeroncanadensis L., Solanumnigrum L. has been revealed in the last 10 years. An analysis of the weediness of wheat crops showed that, despite constant chemical weeding by herbicides, the percentage of weediness of crops by ephemeral offset weeds such as flowering creeping thistle (Girsiumarvense L.) and field sow thistle (Sonchusarvensis L.) remains unchanged. The share of such weed plants as field horsetail (Equisetumarvense L.), Tatar buckwheat (Fagopyrumtataricum L.), common flax (Linariavulgaris Mill., etc.), leafy spurge (Euphorbiavirgata) had increased by 2018.

The article shows the response of barley seeds to the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave). The action of microwave EMF leads to a change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids contained in the organs of barley seedlings. The main saturated fatty acids that make up barley seed lipids are palmitic, and among unsaturated ones are oleic and linolenic acids. The content of other higher aliphatic acids is low. The maximum changes under the influence of microwave EMF occur in the sprouts and roots of seedlings with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid molecule. The most important for the growth and development of leaves is saturated hexacosan fatty acid with 26 carbon atoms, for roots unsaturated aceterucic C24:1, for endospermsaturated tricocylic acid with an odd number of carbon atoms (C23:0). Synthesis of long-chain fatty acids plays an important role in cell growth. Changes in the content of such compounds affect the development of embryos, leaves, and roots. Long-chain fatty acids are involved in regulating cell size, cell division, and cell differentiation.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Phenolic substances are involved in the processes of growth, morphogenesis, respiration and photosynthesis, are reserve and signaling substances, and have antioxidant properties. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of variety Nikita was used in the experiments. In seven-day-old seedlings, phenolic substances were determined using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (RP HPLC) with an amperometric detector. The maximum number of phenolic compounds is registered in the chloroform extract of the endosperm of the microwave-treated grain, their number is 26 names of substances. The minimum number of individual substances is 10-11 and is found in samples of roots and sprouts of native seedlings, as well as roots of microwave-irradiated barley plants. The microwave treatment affected both the number of isolated substances and their amount in the extract. The most biochemically active anatomical part of a seven-day-old barley seedling is the endosperm: it contains significantly more substances of a phenolic nature, recorded by an amperometric detector, than in sprouts and roots. The microwave field significantly affected the amount of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties in the endosperm. In relation to phenolic substances in the composition of barley seedlings, there is an organ-specific response, which is expressed in the difference in their quantitative and qualitative content. Individual phenolic substances are registered in all the organs of the seedling (roots, leaves, endosperm), and some have a certain localization. The total amount of phenolic substances with antioxidant properties increases after microwave treatment.