The article provides information about the level of species diversity, biological and ecological composition, the dynamic of the vegetation productivity of a green planting in the city of Abakan (the steppe zone). The inventory of the flora revealed 288 species of higher vascular plants from 59 families and 183 genera. The basis of flora is the angiosperms, including 57 families (96.6 %), 179 genera (97.8 %), 282 species (97.9 %). The leading positions belong to the families Asteraceae (11.8 %), Poaceae and Rosaceae (10.8 %), Fabaceae (7.3 %). The most important genera in the flora were boreal ones -Carex, Artemisia (2.8 %), Potentilla (1.7 %). The ecological analysis showed the predominance of mesophytes (45.5 %). Perennial plants with clustered fleshy roots and shortrhizomatous ones (21.5 %) were a main biomorph. The analysis of the primary production of urban vegetation according to Terra MODIS data from 2000 to 2018 was carried out. The highest seasonal growth rates observed in 2001 and 2007, and the lowest ones were in 2004 and 2008. The average annual growth rates were 115±9 % for May, 107±5 % for June, 107±5 % for July, 119±14 % for July, and 120±11 % for August. The positive trend in the productivity of urban vegetation was established using the series criteria.The city of Abakan (Khakasia) is located in the сentral part of the Minusinsk Basin (Uybat steppe) and covers an area of 112.87 km 2 . The city is located in an area with frequent inversions, which makes it difficult to disperse pollutants. The main types of green spaces in the city are parks, squares, street plantations and public lands, which occupy a third of the area. The collection of higher vascular plants was carried out by route method from Мay to early September from 2012 to 2017 to cover the periods of the flowering of different systematic groups. In the laboratory, the binary name of the collected plants was determined by the Flora of Siberia Т. 1 -14 (1987 -2003) [1].The source satellite data represented a common 8-day composite of growth primary production (GPP) [2]. For retrieving Terra MODIS data we used the site https://lpdaacsvc.cr.usgs.gov/appeears. In the paper a discrete one-dimensional time series for equidistant 8-day moments was considered. To characterize the series, we used the growth rate -the ratio of the subsequent level to the previous one (%).Several factors influence the formation of time series values:
Species composition of phytocoenoses of overburden dumps at Chernogorsky quarry has been investigated. Systematic, chorological, environmental and biomorphological analysis of flora has been carried out. It has been found that the quarry flora includes 47 species of higher vascular plants that are related to 35 genera and 16 families. 97.9 % are metasperms. Asteraceae and Poaceae are the largest families. Species with Holarctic areas prevail in the chorological structure (36.2 %). In terms of soil moisture all species can be subdivided into 3 groups: mesophytes (40.4 %), mesoxerophytes (36.2 %) and xerophytes (23.4 %). The leading role in the researched flora belongs to herbaceous polycarpous plants (57.4 %), which is characteristic of all the boreal region flora. 1 species listed in the Red Books of the Republic of Khakassia was discovered in the overburden dumps (Nitraria sibirica Pallas) and 6 species which have been noted for the first time for the flora of Khakassia. * Corresponding author: aes-1962@yandex.ru
xThe studied flora of railway embankments of Abakan stations includes 60 species belonging to 23 familiesand 54 genera. Analysis of the flora by taxonomic composition showed the predominance of small-species families andgenera in the flora. The ecological and geographical structure of the flora is studied. The biomorphological spectrum ischaracterized by an increased participation of species with a short life cycle.
In this study, 56 adventive species have been identified in Khakas flora to date. In terms of the introduction method, xenophytes dominate; this group is composed of 44 species, which is 78.6% of all the adventive species under study. The ergasiophyte group consists of 12 species (21.4%). According to the naturalization degree, we identified three groups: epecophytes, agriophytes, and ephemerophytes. The epecophyte group is in the lead and consists of 21 species (37.5%). The agriophytes are represented by 19 invasive species (33.9%). The ephemerophyte group is composed of 16 species (28.6%). Thus, the ratios of the synanthropic-plant groups defined according to the introduction method and naturalization degree indicate that most of these adventive plants have been introduced unintentionally and successfully established themselves on a territory new to them. The adventive fraction of natural ecosystems in Khakas flora contains 20 species included in the report “The Black Book of the Flora of Siberia” [1].
A study of parkland in Abakan and Chernogorsk cities, located in the steppe zone and characterized by a high level of atmospheric pollution. Plant taxa are identified that make the greatest contribution to the purification of the urban environment. The most common tree plants in the parkland are adventitious species Populus alba L., P. balsamifera L., Acer negundo L., Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun, Syringa vulgaris L., Ulmus pumila L. et al. In the flora of parks and squares of Abakan, 288 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 59 families and 183 genera were identified. The flora of parkland in Chernogorsk totals 142 species belonging to 33 families and 105 genera. Leading position belongs to the largest families -Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae. An analysis of satellite data made it possible to remotely determine the functional state, phenological changes, and weather sensitivity of green zone vegetation. As a result of the studies, the general and seasonal indicators of the vegetation and water index were analyzed according to the satellite data (Landsat 8) for the territories of Abakan and Chernogorsk located in the steppe zone of Khakasia. Abakan had higher values of the integral NDVI (45.1-57.9), in comparison with 2), better water supply and earlier dates of the beginning of the growing season. Based on satellite data, the productivity of green zones was compared and the regression dependences of spectral and meteorological indicators were identified.
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