The Olkhon region of the Western Pribaikalie is highly attractive for geologists due to the presence of diverse metamorphic complexes and highly complicated combinations of folded structures in this region. The Olkhon region is located within the area of the Pribaikalsky National Park of Russia. At abundant outcrops in the subject area, various geological aspects resulting from the Early Palaeozoic collision system can be studied in detail. By its parameters, the subject area can be considered a «geodynamic proving ground». In recent years, abundant aerospace materials on the area have been accumulated, and long-term field studies resulted in many discoveries and findings which encourage critical revision of the initial conceptions. The material available allows compilation of a new package of geological maps in hard and electronic versions.
Metamorphic core complexes (hereafter MCC) revealed in the Transbaikalia have similar features of their patterns. Three levels can be distinguished by structuralmaterial indicators: core, zone of mylonites (dynamically metamorphosed rocks) and overlying formations. The cores are composed of the Paleozoic granites and granitogneisses. Zones of mylonites skirt the cores and are characterized by various tectonites which are formed at the expense of the core rocks. The overlying formations include volcanogenicsedimentary series of the Mesozoic and the Upper Palaeozoic. The rocks are not metamor phosed, yet subject to brittle deformations. Structurally, they are detached and deposited above the zone of mylonites. In Transbaikalia, MCC are characterized by synmetamorphic structural paragenesises of one type: lowangle schistosity, micro and macrostructures (folds, mineral streaking, boudinage, pressure shadows, C-S structure, kickbends). According to the kinematic analyses, they were formed by the simple shear mechanism along the zones of deeply penetrating regional dislocations which plunged in the southeastward direction. Tectonic transportation of the materials developed in the same direction, i.e. the top parts of tectonostratigraphic sections were displaced against the lower parts in the southeastward di rection. Extension deformations tended in the northwest-southeast direction. Such movements facilitated formation of synthetic listric normal faults and rift basins. The most intensive tectonic exposure period is determined as 112-123 mln years, while the period of metamorphism is assessed as 140-130 mln years. The rocks in depth of the deep dislocation were transformed in conditions of amphibole facies of metamorphism (Т=590-640 °С; Р=3.2-4.6 kbar).
This paper presents the first results of the geostructural and tectonophysical studies of the crustal stress state in the Catoca kimberlite pipe area at the southwestern flank of the Kasai Shield in the northeasternAngola. In the evolution of the crustal stress state, six main stages are distinguished by analyzing the displacements of markers, fold hinges, long axes of boudins, granite dikes of various intrusion phases and kimberlites, as well as fractures with striations. For each of these stages, a dominating horizontal tectonic stress and its orientation is identified. During stage 1 (NW extension and shearing) and at the beginning of stage 2 (NW compression), structures formed in the host rocks in brittle-plastic conditions. The replacement of plastic deformation by faulting could occur about 530–510 Ma ago, when the continental crust ofAfricahad completely formed. Stage 3 (radial, mainly NW extension) and stage 4 (shearing, NW extension, and NE compression) were the most important for kimberlite occurrence: in the Early Cretaceous, radial extension was replaced by shearing. Both stages are related to opening of the central segment of theSouth Atlantic. The main kimberlite magmas occurred during the break-up of the Angola-Brazilian segment of Gondwana. In the course of all the four stages, stress was mainly released by the NE- and E-NE-striking faults and, to a lesser extent, by the NW-striking and latitudinal faults. The initial stage of kimberlite magmatism is associated with the NE- and E-NE-striking faults due to the presence of the Precambrian zones of flow and schistosity, which facilitated the NW-trending subhorizontal extension. Stage 5 (NE compression) began in the second half of the Cretaceous and possibly lasted until the end of the Paleogene, and compression occurred mainly along the NW-striking faults. Regionally, it corresponds to two stages of inversion movements in the southern regions of Africa, during which theAngoladome-shaped uplift emerged and the shoulders of the East African rifts began to take shape. Stage 6 (horizontal extension, mainly in the N-NE direction) is related to the processes that took place in the southern segment of theTanganyikarift and the eastern coast of theAtlantic. Based on the results of our studies, it became for the first time possible to get an idea of the main stages in the evolution of the studied region. Further geostructural measurements and dating of the host rocks will provide for a more precise definition of the proposed stages.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.