Surgical resection is associated with blood loss and bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cold plasma treatment during liver resection. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 2 groups. Group I was the control group-intact animals (5 in total). The second group (25 in total)-experimental animals-had atypical resection of the left lobe of the liver with subsequent coagulation by "nonequilibrium" plasma. Histological tissue samples, biochemical blood indices, and hemocoagulation parameters were investigated on 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 days after plasma treatment. The sterilization test was made to investigate the plasma bactericidal effects. Cessation of bleeding took less than 1 minute. Blood loss was negligible. Morphometric analysis of the liver revealed increased number of hepatocytes with signs of dystrophy after surgical intervention, which returned to the baseline values after 30 days. Biochemical blood parameters revealed significant differences in the groups only in terms of glucose ( P < .05); other parameters remained unchanged. High sterilization efficiency of cold plasma is confirmed. These results demonstrate the high efficiency of cold plasma treatment during surgical interventions.
When the spleen is damaged, severe bleeding develops which can lead to death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cold plasma treatment for performing partial splenectomy as a new organ-preserving technique. Adult male rabbits were used as experimental animals. They were randomly separated into control (5 in total) and experimental (30 in total) groups. Animals from the experimental group had partial splenectomy with subsequent coagulation by cold plasma. Blood loss, complete blood count (CBC), histological tissue samples and splenograms were investigated after 60 min, 3, 5, 14, 90, 180 days following plasma treatment. Contrast-enhanced MR-angiography with 'Gadovist' was performed on the 90th day. The structure of the organ was normalized in the late periods. MR-imaging of the microcirculatory bed on the 90th day after the operation was normal. The effective hemostasis of the spleen in the experiment occurred after treatment with the plasma for 90-100 s. After hemostasis with plasma, spleen parenchyma was damaged, manifested by the general adaptation syndrome but at a later time it regenerated with the formation of a connective tissue scar at a later time. Functions of the spleen were not damaged. These results demonstrate the high efficiency of cold plasma treatment during surgical interventions.
Background: Heavy bleeding is developed in case of spleen injury. It often leads to death. At present the search and development of new methods for hemostasis of spleen bleeding continues. An innovative method is coagulation of nonequilibrium plasma.Objective: Our aim was to study the effect of nonequilibrium plasma on the morphofunctional state of the spleen.Methods: The non-randomized study by type of «case-control» was conducted. The experiment was carried out on 45 male rabbits weighing 3000–3200 g. 1st group (control; n =5) — intact animals without surgery; 2nd group (experimental, n =40) — animals after atypical resection of the spleen and hemostasis by nonequilibrium plasma. The volume of blood loss, FBC, histological data, splenogram analysis data were assessed at defined periods (60 min, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 30th, 90th, 180th days) after surgery. They were compared with data of the control group.Results: The volume of blood loss during the resection of the spleen with hemostasis by nonequilibrium plasma was 16.6 [15.98;17.22] ml. Increase of neutrophil to 38 [24; 39] (control group 17 [13, 18], p =0.009), monocytes to 15 [14, 18] (control group 8 [6, 11], p =0.036) is revealed in the FBC in the early period after hemostasis with nonequilibrium plasma. It is reduced to the norm on 30 day. Histological examination revealed leukocyte infiltration, edema, microvascular stasis, dilatation of vessels in the early period. At long-term period structure of the organ is normalized. Splenogramm analysis revealed a statistically significant (p =0.023) decrease in the relative number of small lymphocytes by 28% in animals after hemostasis with nonequilibrium plasma as compared to control (23.3 [17.9; 26.7] versus 30.8 [29.25; 34.3]respectively).Conclusion: treatment of bleeding surface by plasma flow for 1.5–2 min is required order to achieve effective hemostasis during surgeryof spleen injuries in the experiment. After coagulation there is minimal damage of the spleen parenchyma, which manifests itself as activation reaction. At long-term period parenchyma of the spleen completely regenerates with the formation of cicatrical tissue that does not affect the functioning of organ.
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